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Our objective was to evaluate changes in choline metabolism including bacterial degradation to trimethylamine (TMA), methyl group transfer, and bioavailability in pregnant and lactating cows. Six multiparous, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were enrolled in a study design where they were abomasally infused 18 g/d choline chloride (CC; dissolved in water; 170 mL/h) for a 5-d experimental period at −3 wk from expected due date and again at 2 wk postpartum. The stable-isotope...
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Current approaches to study choline bioavailability do not account for the ruminal or postruminal bacterial degradation of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) and TMA N-oxide (TMAO). To evaluate choline bioavailability, 8 multiparous Holstein cows (184 ± 109 d in milk) were enrolled in a study with a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were (1) 0 g/d of supplemental choline chloride (CTR), (2) 16.8 g/d of unprotected choline chloride (CC) delivered as a continuous ruminal infusion...
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The discovery of choline dates back to 1850s when French pharmacist, Théodore Gobley discovered a group of phospholipids that he named lecithin. Seventy years later, during the discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting, his student Charles Best noticed that depancreatized dogs developed hepatic lipidosis. Subsequently in the early 1930s, Best showed that supplementing lecithin reversed and prevented hepatic lipidosis in dogs and rats. It took another 67 years for dietary choline to be...
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A technique has been established to determine the TMR stability of rumen-protected (RP)-lysine products, but the TMR stability of RPcholine (RPC) products has not yet been explored. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 5 RPC products using a modified technique. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPC (equivalent of 1 g of choline chloride [CC]), no RPC (negative control), or unprotected CC (positive control; 1 g of CC) mixed with 200 g of TMR (38% DM) were...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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The TMR stability of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) products has been previously investigated, albeit without a positive control, potentially introducing bias. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 6 RPL products using a modified technique that used an unprotected Lys treatment as a positive control. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPL (equivalent of 1 g of Lys), no RPL (negative control) or unprotected Lys-HCl (positive control; 1 g of Lys) mixed with 200 g...
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Amino acids (AA) undergo complex metabolism for protein synthesis or excretion after oxidation. We investigated the fate of metabolizable Lys via continuous abomasal infusion of 15 N-Lys. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (147.0 ± 63.2 d in milk, 49.4 ± 9.5 kg milk yield) received 0.6 g/d of 15 N-Lys into the abomasum for 5 d. Cows were offered a common diet (16.6% crude protein; 89% of metabolizable Lys requirement) once daily for an ad libitum intake....
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Choline supplementation is known to modify hepatic lipid metabolism in the dairy cow, but little is known about its effect on mammary lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of increasing doses of abomasally infused choline on milk production and milk lipids using untargeted lipomics. A total of 12 ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 7-d experimental and 7-d rest periods. All cows were fed a common TMR...
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A lot of information has been published in the last decades, dealing with the negative effect of summer heat stress on the productive and reproductive traits of the high yielding cow. Very limited information existed however, up until the last years, on the effect of heat stress on the feed efficiency of cows (as estimated by the feed to milk ratio). Knowing the full extent of the economic losses caused to the cows due to heat load can help to present to the dairy farmers...
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Choline is a methyl donor, which may influence DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular processes. Past studies have found an increase in milk yield when periparturient dairy cows were supplemented with dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC); however, the mechanism behind this response is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on mammary epigenome-wide DNA methylation. Parous Holstein cows were blocked by calving month...
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Yeasts are single-celled, facultative anaerobic eukaryotes that are prevalent in various fermented feeds. Yeasts can negatively affect silage quality by metabolizing available nutrients within the feed which leads to dry matter loss and decreased nutritive value, and by producing ethanol which can lead to off flavors in milk when consumed. Yeasts also oxidize lactic acid, which increases silage pH and promotes the growth of organisms such as mycotoxin-producing molds. Although wild yeasts...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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Sir how much % rice ddgs can be used in 100kg feed formulation to prevent sulphur toxicity and less intake of feed ? ...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) showed the results of some experimental designs using choline in dairy cows, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part III)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) gives his conclusions of the conference "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part IV)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) summarizes the history of choline, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part I)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Gildas JOALLAND, Global Marketing Manager at Phileo by Lesaffre, speaks about the Full Life Cycle Assessment of Yeast Production in the Dairy Industry...
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This new science changes everything we thought we knew about choline’s impact on the cow and her calf. ReaShure® Precision Release Choline is the original and most researched rumen-protected choline source, so you can be sure you’re getting the benefits you expect. ...
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Different encapsulation techniques lead to varying levels of nutrient bioavailability
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1. Introduction Increased atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ), are the primary cause of climate change. These emissions result in unpredictable and erratic rainfall, floods, and droughts [1]. In 2020, agriculture contributed 5865.47 MtCO 2 e, representing 12.34% of its total emissions (47,513.15 MtCO 2 e), including land-use change and forestry...
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Heat stress is considered one of the main causes of performance and economic losses in the world dairy sector. These losses are proportional to the degree of heat stress cows are subjected to (days or hours per year, cows are exposed to THI above threshold), as well as to the level of production and some nutritional and managerial practices. Do we really know to quantify the total losses? The answer for the moment is no! The literature published until now deals with most of the...
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Ottawa, ONTARIO — What impact will global changes have on Canada’s feed industry? How can local solutions help the sector thrive? How can the feed industry address animal nutrition and feed security to build the sector of tomorrow?
Answers to these questions will be at the...
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The development and maturation of the calf gut is an important process that significantly influences calf’s growth and health during early life. More and more evidence indicate that the colonization and establishment of the gut microbiome can directly and indirectly influence animal’s gut function including development and metabolism, nutrition absorption, barrier and immune function, endocrine and neuron transmitter secretions, which can impact animals’ development and...
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