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Poultry welfare
Proper animal welfare involves providing the proper housing, management, nutrition, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling and, when necessary, humane euthanasia. These factors allow for the most optimal and humane growing environment. The concept of animal welfare includes three elements: the bird’s normal biological functioning, its emotional state and its ability to express its natural behaviors. Improving animal welfare can be accomplished through offerings like poultry feed enrichment, which can reduce stress, thereby increasing performance, productivity and profitability. Animal welfare is currently a major requirement for intensive poultry production. Beak trimming, stocking density, free access to feed, heat stress, and air pollutants became important issues, which are regulated in several countries. Animal welfare is observed by watching how birds naturally behave and even by looking at mortality stemming from aggressive behaviors.
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Background & Objectives Bedding materials and depth of beddings are vital elements for litter management, which could directly or indirectly alter the growth performance of poultry. In the poultry industry, duck meat is the second most widespread poultry sector in the world after chicken meat, and Pekin ducks have become the most efficient broiler duck type popular in the Asian region. This study aimed to investigate the appropriate depth of bedding material (rice husk) for...
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Background & Objectives Transportation is induced immediate stress in poultry and the reaction of poultry to stress depends on transport duration, physiological status and environment. Additionally, transport stress alters both the metabolic responses and physiological conditions of animals resulting in undesirable changes in meat quality. These factors lead to economic losses which are caused by a decrease in meat quality along with animal welfare. Crating density is a...
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INTRODUCTION Chicken domestication started with red junglefowl (Gallus gallus; ALBINO & TAVERNARI 2010) and is native to multiple regions in Southeast Asia (HATA et al. 2021). These birds were first used as fighting animals or in rituals. Then, breeding the species began to be treated as an economical activity to generate profit from the production of meat and eggs (NÚÑEZ-LEON et al. 2019, RUBIN et al. 2010). During this period, animal welfare...
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Drinking water is one of the transmission methods of Avian Influenza (AI). Water sources can be contaminated by infected materials and transmitted to poultry farms. The risk of the chicken being exposed to the virus via water is high. When AI hit the poultry industry in the US in 2015, water samples were tested positive for the virus. Taking samples from poultry drinking water lines is an efficient way to conduct avian influenza surveillance. Water treatment is an important control strategy...
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INTRODUCTION Footpad dermatitis (FPD) is present in many different types of broiler production systems. In 1 study, Pagazaurtundua and Warriss (2006) estimated prevalence of FPD ranged from 9.6 to 98.1% depending on the housing system used. This common issue has a large impact on growers because the presence of FPD is associated with decreased live weight and leg meat yield and increased carcass condemnations (Hashimoto et al., 2013). These condemnations can have a massive...
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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Though paper evaporative cooling pads have been used by poultry producers for decades, plastic pads are a relative new phenomenon. As with any new product, there are a lot of questions. By far the most common question is whether plastic pads can produce the same level of air cooling as traditional paper pads. In short, the answer is yes. But just...
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There is some evidence that commercial meat chickens prefer to access the range through ‘favoured’ pop-holes (Taylor et al., 2017); however what makes pop-holes attractive or aversive is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to i) determine the most aversive stimuli associated with pop-holes and ii) identify the most effective artificial structure to minimise aversion. We hypothesised that the simulation of wind, UV light and high light intensity at an artificial pop-hole would be...
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I. INTRODUCTION The chicken meat industry has made tremendous production gains through advanced utilisation of genetic selection and nutritional understanding to ensure that chicken meat remains a low cost, desirable product that consumers continuously demand (Zuidhof et al., 2015). The industry now requires new approaches to further advance efficiency and production, with developmental programming at the forefront of industry development (Hynd et al., 2016). Developmental...
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With the temperatures rising in most regions, concern for heat stress events in Poultry barns is also on the rise. Heat stress can have a negative impact on several aspects of a chicken’s well-being; one consequence that can significantly impact poultry production and profitability is feed efficiency. With chickens starting to feel the physical impact of heat stress as early as April and May in some regions, solutions are needed to assist their physiological defenses. Nutritional...
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The house has been preheated for 36 hours to 92°F. The chicks will be arriving in a few hours and the controller’s six temperature sensors (positioned one foot above the floor) indicate the air temperature is between 91 and 92°F (Figure 2). A thermal image indicates the floor temperature is between 87 and 102°F...
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Introduction Animal welfare has been increasingly included in business agreements and with humane slaughter is a key area of interest (von Keyserlingk and Hötzel, 2015). Retailers, restaurants, and food service companies seek kinder and more responsible farm animal practices (Grandin, 2010; Bayvel et al., 2012). Yet, it is a consensus that changes in attitudes and practices of stakeholders are required to improve farm animal welfare at slaughter (Paranhos da Costa et al.,...
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The impact of extruded soybean processing temperatures conditions on broiler’s ileal and cecal microbiota composition and function
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Recently a study was conducted on commercial broiler farms examining broiler water usage over the first seven days of a growout. High-accuracy, ultrasonic water meters were installed in twenty-two broiler houses (18, 40' X 500' houses, four 54' X 500' houses) on nine farms. The water meters were capable of accurately measuring water...
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Introduction ‘Poultry’ collectively refers to domesticated birds, especially those valued for their meat and eggs, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese and guinea fowl. Of all avian breeds, chicken breeds make up the vast majority of 63%, followed by ducks at 11%, geese at 9% and turkeys 5%, but indigenous or heritage breeds make up most of the world’s poultry genetic diversity (Pym, 2013). Over the past 50 years, the poultry sector has expanded,...
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Veterinarians, livestock production managers and farmers know what is best for their animals. Based on knowledge and experience, they work hard to improve animal health and well-being and ensure food safety. Imagine making smarter decisions with the help of our digital, precise monitoring solution....
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Why do we, for the most part, give our chicks 24 hours of light during brooding? Do chicks actually benefit from being able to eat and drink at 2 am? Though it is widely believed that 24 hours of light is essential to maximizing chick performance and health, preliminary trails have found no significant benefit in doing so. Numerous...
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I. INTRODUCTION The recognition in the late 1960’s that excessive growth rates in broiler breeders were negatively impacting rate of lay and increasing production of unsettable eggs (Jaap and Muir, 1968) has been one of the most transformative events in the history of the hatching egg industry. The resultant feed restriction programs during rearing resolved the issue at the time. But continued genetic progress resulted in feed restriction being necessary throughout...
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I. INTRODUCTION The transition in the layer industry from conventional cages to cage-free and even further into free-range production is rewriting the nutritional requirements of the laying hen. In the last 25 years, the number of eggs a hen can produce has increased by about 2 eggs each year while the amount of feed required to produce these eggs has been reduced by 18.6% in cages (Anderson, 1991; Anderson et al., 2013, Anderson, 2019). The result has been a high value...
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INTRODUCTION According to data from the Brazilian Animal Protein Association (ABPA, 2018), in 2017 the Brazil occupied the 2nd place in the world poultry meat production, behind only the United States of America. However, Brazil remains in first place in world exports, destining more than 30% of chicken meat production to exportation. Following the legal recommendations of the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Supply, through the supervision of the Federal Inspection...
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INTRODUCTION Birds may be exposed to a variety of potential stressors during preslaughter. The adverse effects of these factors and their combinations may range from mild discomfort to death (Petracci et al., 2006). One such factor is feed withdrawal prior to transport to the slaughterhouse (Petracci et al., 2010). Feed is withdrawn from poultry prior to slaughter to reduce the potential of carcass contamination with crop and intestinal contents (Bilgili, 2002). However, when...
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