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Poultry vaccines
Disease prevention by vaccination is an integral part of flock health management protocols. Active immunization using live vaccines is the current industry standard. Routinely used vaccines in chickens include MDV, NDV, IBV, and IBDV, and in turkeys NDV and HEV. Newer vaccines, including molecular recombinants in which genes of immunogenic proteins from infectious agents are inserted into a live viral vector, are also being examined for commercial use. Efforts are under way to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of adjuvants, particularly cytokines. The vaccine delivery systems include in ovo injection, aerosol, spray, drinking water, eye drop, and wing web injection. The in ovo vaccination procedure is relatively new and at the present time it is used primarily to vaccinate broiler chickens against MDV. Birds respond to vaccines by developing humoral and cellular immune responses. There are two main types of vaccine available for poultry: live or killed.
A new stage begins in terms of vaccinations against Salmonella. From May 2021, Primun Salmonella E can be applied in laying the first live vaccine against Salmonella Enteritidis that has been authorized for that period. In this way, we give the respite that the producer had been asking for for a long time. The productive cycles of laying hens are getting longer and the immunity that has been given through the vaccines applied only in the rearing period, did not cover the new...
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Dr. Damer Blake (Royal Veterinary College) explains his recent findings on this parasite and how to control the damage that it causes, during the 5th IHSIG Symposium on Poultry Intestinal Health in Bangkok, Thailand....
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Maricarmen García (University of Georgia) invites you to the 14th International Symposium on Marek's Disease and Avian Herpesviruses (July 12-14, 2024) in St. Louis, USA, where experts will discuss molecular biology, vaccines, and new technologies related to these diseases....
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Marcela Uhart (Director, Latin America Program, UC Davis One Health Institute) comments on virus reassortments, the role of migratory species, as well as possible measures, during Avicola Porcinos 2023 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Lighting as a Strategic Tool for Optimizing Poultry House Performance
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Christophe Cazaban (Poultry Scientific Director, Ceva Animal Health) speaks on the different vaccines available on the market to fight this disease, as well as the benefits and limitations of known and new technologies, during Avicola Porcinos 2023 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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AL2 is the most prevalent IBD virus in U.S. broilers, accounting for as much as half of today’s field isolations. The newest recombinant rHVTIBD vaccine was introduced in 2021. Previous studies in broilers with no IBD maternal antibodies showed this vaccine gave high levels of protection (70-78%) against AL2 challenge by 18-19 days. This paper will present 2 studies conducted to measure AL2 protection in commercial broilers. Study Design: Ross 708 broilers from a single breeder source...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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1. Introduction Coccidiosis is a major enteric infection of poultry that is estimated to cost more than USD 14.5 billion annual losses globally [1]. Although coccidiosis control using various anticoccidial chemicals, such as ionophores, coccidiocides, and coccidiostats, has long been a mainstream strategy in modern poultry production, alternative control strategies to antibiotics are necessary owing to the antibiotic ban [2]. Therefore, much effort has been made to develop...
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Back ground One of the challenges I had during my work as the research and development manager of one of the leading semi-integrated (rearing/processing) broiler operations in Sri Lanka was to investigate why infectious bursal disease (IBD) out breaks occurred from time to time in the two close house broiler farms belonging to the company despites of administering three IBD vaccines during a production cycle. It was...
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Low Protein Diets Downregulate Hepatic Enzymes Responsible for Nonessential Amino Acid Synthesis in Broilers
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Introduction Infectious bronchitis (IB) virus, first described in the 1930s (Schalk & Hawn, 1931), continues to be a major cause of disease in chickens of all ages and types in all parts of the world (Anon, 1988, 1991). Good quality vaccines have been available to control IB infections since the 1950s. However, despite their careful use, IB continues to be a major problem. One reason for this is the large number of...
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Salmonella serotypes vary throughout the livestock industry. Historically Salmonella Enteritidis is not considered to be prevalent in Australian poultry flocks. As recently as 2018 a novel S. Enteritidis emerged in the industry (FSANZ, 2019). Although, there are no specific vaccines available in Australia against this serotype in poultry, the use of live attenuated Salmonella vaccines that have the potential to cross protect against several Salmonella serotypes could be a solution for the...
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Can I use ascorbic acid to neutralize chlorine water vaccination? ...
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Avian influenza virus (AIV) belongs to Orthomyxoviridae family and is characterised by containing negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome of 8 segments that encode for 10 structural and at least 9 nonstructural/regulatory proteins. Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) that are the most abundant and immunogenic surface protein, and are involved in virus entry and exit from the cell. There are 18 hemagglutinin and 11 neuraminidase subtypes that are known to exist in the nature, and all...
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Coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, family Eimeriidae. This disease is of worldwide occurrence and every year costs the poultry industry many millions of dollars to control. Most species affecting poultry belong to the genus Eimeria and infect various intestinal sites. The disease causes high morbidity ranging from an acute, bloody enteritis with high mortality, to subclinical disease. However, the presence of intestinal lesions depends on the Eimeria...
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Coccidiosis is a disease of the intestinal lining, produced by the invasion of the mucosal cells by a very prolific protozoan parasite of the genus Eimeria. This invasion results not only in the interruption of feeding and digestive processes involved in nutrient absorption but can also cause intestinal inflammation leading to dehydration, blood loss, loss of skin pigmentation, and increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections like necrotic enteritis and...
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Introduction
Gumboro Disease, more properly called Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), is one of the most important viral diseases of chickens. The virus responsible for this condition (IBDV) can be found in almost all farms and countries.
Many studies have already been conducted on this disease but more are still needed to better understand the consequences of...
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The commercial poultry industry is concerned about the continued spread of Avian Influenza (AI) and is closely watching as this disease is found in more countries around the world. Almost daily we receive reports that there are more outbreaks here or there in different media. We see these reports in digital newspapers, television, radio, and this time we are bombarded with more ads on WhatsApp, Twitter, Facebook, TikTok, Instagram, Telegram, etc. In many cases, we do not know the source of...
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Dr. Chris Morrow (BioProperties) discusses his recent work regarding Avian Mycoplasma, in this presentation for Engormix....
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Amine Benarbia (NOR-FEED) explains the benefits of using saponin supplementation in combination with vaccines, in this interview during IPPE 2023 in Atlanta, USA....
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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Vaccination against coccidiosis is on the rise. It is supported by a growing societal demand for antibiotic-free meat products. However, vaccination may be accompanied by some adverse effects, such as a negative impact on growth and/or the development of necrotic enteritis. Moreover, during the time of the establishment of immunity, the birds are only moderately protected. In this study, we investigated different strategies of associating cocci vaccination and a mixture of saponin plants...
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Live Salmonella typhimurium (LVST) and E. coli (LVEC) vaccines have been widely used across the poultry industry as successful measures of controlling colibacillosis and salmonella, respectively. Both products are applied by mass administration, either by spray or water. This results in high mucosal exposure to the vaccine, which induces immunity mostly driven by cellular and IgA immunity. A sequence of challenge studies was conducted with the objective of evaluating if, when these vaccines...
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