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Poultry vaccines
Disease prevention by vaccination is an integral part of flock health management protocols. Active immunization using live vaccines is the current industry standard. Routinely used vaccines in chickens include MDV, NDV, IBV, and IBDV, and in turkeys NDV and HEV. Newer vaccines, including molecular recombinants in which genes of immunogenic proteins from infectious agents are inserted into a live viral vector, are also being examined for commercial use. Efforts are under way to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of adjuvants, particularly cytokines. The vaccine delivery systems include in ovo injection, aerosol, spray, drinking water, eye drop, and wing web injection. The in ovo vaccination procedure is relatively new and at the present time it is used primarily to vaccinate broiler chickens against MDV. Birds respond to vaccines by developing humoral and cellular immune responses. There are two main types of vaccine available for poultry: live or killed.
Live ts mycoplasma vaccines were created to be safe but still immunogenic. So how can we assess this immunogenicity in the field? This bulletin condenses the experience of 20 years trying to monitor vaccine response and differentiate problems from normal responses. Various approaches have been taken to improve serological monitoring (for example, cloned homologous antigens) and understand problems but the conclusion is that humoral antibody is not the mechanism of protection of these...
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Summary
Over the last decennia different recombinant viral vector vaccines for poultry have been introduced in several countries.
The first vaccines were all based on the Fowl pox(FP) virus used as the vector (e.g. the avian influenza (AI) recombinant (r) FP/H5, NewcastleDisease (ND) rFP/ND, infectiouslaryngotrachetis (ILT) rFP/ILT vaccines. The most recent ("second...
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I. INTRODUCTION Field success of mass ILT vaccination in young meat chickens is often accompanied by reports of vaccine reactions, often rolling through the flock for some time, and even apparent vaccination failure with wild strain outbreaks in vaccinated flocks. This is in spite of laboratory challenge studies often describing good protection of vaccines against an artificial challenge with the field outbreak strain (Arzey and Arzey, 1993). Laboratory studies (Rodrigues-Avila...
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Manuel Da Costa (Zoetis) explained the advantages of a live vaccine for Salmonella in cases of poor gut health, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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The Evonik Corporation award is an annual award given as an achievement award, i.e., for distinctive contributions to poultry science advancement, covering a period of not more than seven years preceding the annual award.
Lisa...
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I would be grateful if somebody can interpret NDV Elisa report that show very low % CV - 0 up to 6 % - baseline data of that %CV 20-60 , where as the mean titer was normal being in line with the baseline data and was 10.000-20.000. -BB Flock - 26 week-old. - Vaccinated at 23 week - samples collected 3weeks post vaccination -.live vaccine -Ma5 and colone 30 -spray . Valid Elisa test . What is the reason that render %CV low . ...
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by Sam Shafer
Avian influenza outbreaks in the United States are rare, but when the virus strikes, the results are devastating. The disease spreads very rapidly, and producers must rely on quarantine-and-cull to try to limit the damage. A 2015 outbreak led to an estimated loss of over 48 million birds.
While there are vaccines to prevent avian influenza, it would be very challenging to administer them via inject to entire flocks. Adding to the problem, the...
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Udi Ashash (Director of Global Technical Services, Phibro Vaccines) shared the experience of Israel with highly pathogenic and low pathogenic AI, and the development of vaccines, during the Avian Influenza International Seminar 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an ongoing problem in meat chickens in important production areas of Australia. In response to outbreaks, live vaccines are typically administered at 7-14 days of age in drinking water via nipple drinkers which may not provide optimal contact with susceptible tissues. The efficacy of vaccination is not routinely assessed. As part of a series of experiments investigating the kinetics of ILT virus (ILTV) in meat chickens after water vaccination via nipple...
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Introduction Poultry, also recognized as universal food, as poultry meat and eggs enjoy zero religious’ restrictions, unlike pork and beef [1]. Being universal and accepted by all religions, the demand of poultry increased globally hence the trend of rearing is also increased. Poultry meat and eggs are the main source of protein, household nutrition and income in developing countries [2]. In Somali economy, still the Livestock sector acts as a crucial component and becomes...
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Dear members, I would like to know your opinion about the use of recombinant vaccines to prevent ILT, Newcastle disease and Marek´s Disease in chickens. What are the advantages and disadvantages in comparison with Conventional Poultry Vaccines? Look forward to hearing your experiences! ...
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Introduction The Newcastle disease (ND) is the most economically important disease in poultry, due to the high rate of morbidity, mortality, slaughter, and associated sanitary measures in poultry farms, particularly in developing countries [1]. ND is caused by virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. This virus is highly contagious in all the age groups and can infect many species of domestic and wild birds [2]. The major clinical signs of ND are depression, weakness,...
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I would be grateful if somebody could tell me about the reasons to consider behind the rise of antibody titer other than field challenge? How can we diagnose field challenge? Are there any clinical signs? Thanks and regards. ...
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INTRODUCTION
Although MD is in general well controlled by vaccination in ovo or at one d of age, MD remains a concern for several reasons. First of all, vaccination practices are often suboptimal resulting in some vaccine breaks. Proper use of standard operating procedures at the hatchery remains essential for optimal protection and has been the topic of many presentations. The short-term financial gain by...
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VACCINE FAILURES: WHY AND WHEN DO THEY OCCUR? Vaccination seeks to generate a protective immune response against a disease. Therefore, a vaccine failure occurs when a disease appears despite birds have been previously vaccinated . There are many factors involved in the efficacy of the vaccination, which are related to the vaccine, the pathogen, and the animals. ...
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Karel Schat (Cornell University) discussed diagnosis, method of vaccination and other recommendations regarding this disease, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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As a commercial chicken hatchery, what are the vaccines that are good to give and how to apply them? Thanks. In a tropical country, is it good to open wall ventilation and exhaust for taking air out? ...
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INTRODUCTION Inactivated vaccines are commonly used in poultry as part of a comprehensive vaccination protocol. These vaccines are capable of inducing high antibody titers, which can protect against systemic infections and are transferred from breeder hens to their progeny as maternal antibodies. In order to increase the immunogenicity, these vaccines contain adjuvants. The most common adjuvants in poultry vaccines are aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) and...
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