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Poultry vaccines
Disease prevention by vaccination is an integral part of flock health management protocols. Active immunization using live vaccines is the current industry standard. Routinely used vaccines in chickens include MDV, NDV, IBV, and IBDV, and in turkeys NDV and HEV. Newer vaccines, including molecular recombinants in which genes of immunogenic proteins from infectious agents are inserted into a live viral vector, are also being examined for commercial use. Efforts are under way to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of adjuvants, particularly cytokines. The vaccine delivery systems include in ovo injection, aerosol, spray, drinking water, eye drop, and wing web injection. The in ovo vaccination procedure is relatively new and at the present time it is used primarily to vaccinate broiler chickens against MDV. Birds respond to vaccines by developing humoral and cellular immune responses. There are two main types of vaccine available for poultry: live or killed.
1. Introduction Among viral diseases affecting poultry production Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most common and serious one [1]. It is caused by viruses of genus Orthoavulavirus, Avian orthoavulavirus 1 species [2] formerly designated as Avian avulavirus 1, that are commonly known as Avian paramyxovirus 1 (APMV 1) or Newcastle disease viruses (NDV). The virulent forms of NDV cause a devastating disease of poultry throughout Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Central and...
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Can anyone tell me when chickens/chooks can be vaccinated? If laying pullets is it too late? And what old for chickens? Is 10-14 wk too late? I heard that the vaccination can have negative side effects such as growth retardation? Thanks ...
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Dr. Stephen Adejoro (Livestock Industry Foundation for Africa) shares with Engormix members his thoughts on how to prevent an outbreak in developing countries....
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I would be grateful if somebody tell me if it is possible to vaccinate by 4/91 two weeks after Ma5 to control QX variant in adult breeder . ...
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1. Introduction Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) and Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) are the most important Mycoplasma species for commercial poultry in Mexico. For decades, these species have been recognized as the cause of chronic respiratory disease (CRD) [1–3]. In addition, they decrease the fertile egg production in broiler breeders, cause late-stage embryonic death, or result in the births of infected chicks that later develop CRD. This disease suppresses the innate...
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Background: FAdVs are widely distributed, and some species are associated with important poultry diseases, representing current threats of serious economic losses for the aviculture industry. Some of the diseases include the Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) related with FAdV-C and D infections, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS) related with FAdV-C infections [1,2], gizzard erosion (GE) related with FAdV-A infections [3-6] among others. The family Adenoviridae is divided...
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Robert Gauthier (WVEPAH) discussed the different trends and concerns of the poultry industry around the world, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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I. INTRODUCTION Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an important respiratory disease of chickens caused by ILT virus (ILTV, Gallid herpesvirus 1) that infects the upper respiratory tract and conjunctiva resulting in high morbidity and sometimes mortality (García et al., 2013). Vaccination with live attenuated vaccines administered by eye drop is generally effective: however for commercial meat chickens mass vaccination in drinking water via nipple drinkers is generally...
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Chris Morrow (Bioproperties) commented about the problems that arise from mycoplasma infections in layer farms and explained the benefits of a live mycoplasma vaccination program, including costs and profits....
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Greg Mathis (Southern Poultry Research) talked about the importance of letting birds develop immunity and the use of alternative anticoccidials, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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What puzzle? – How to grow broilers and produce eggs without the routine use of antibiotics in poultry areas (with endemic mycoplasma challenge). For a long time antibiotics have been used in poultry and egg production but there is considerable consumer/regulatory pressure, price pressure and technical reasons why the administration of antibiotics on a routine basis needs to be phased out of these production systems. The development of resistance in...
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Introduction Clostridium septicum (CS) is a ubiquitous, spore-forming bacterium associated with spontaneous gas gangrene in both livestock and humans. The spores can persist in harsh environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract or tissue, and remain undetected for extended periods. When environmental conditions are appropriate for growth, the spores will germinate and proceed to proliferate. CS is capable of producing a variety of toxins. However, the alpha-toxin is the one...
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I would be grateful if somebody suggested me some reasons to review behind a phenomenon that I used to encounter whenever we vaccinated our parent breeder with Ma5 clone 30 combined. IB titer and % CV are below the expected level contrary to ND that is within the expected range.
Thanks and regards. ...
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Salmonellosis continues to be one of the most serious challenges in poultry farming. On the one hand, that which originates from strains causing poultry diseases and, above all, from those serotypes/serovars causing food-borne toxicosis (food...
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Nasser Alhaj Ali (Texas A&M University) explained the results of his research on vaccines for this disease and commented on infectivity and administration, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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Dr. Mauricio Coppo from the University of Melbourne summarizes his talk about the behavior of the ILT virus and generation of new challenges in the poultry industry. ...
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Intro by Dr. Stephen Collett: Vectored vaccines have from their conception been promoted as the ultimate answer to the problems encountered when using immunization to reduce the impact of disease challenge on flock health and productivity. This interesting and thorough but succinct mini-review shows that the quest has unfortunately proven more complex than initially anticipated. Only recently have scientists been able to provide the field veterinarian and...
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Introduction The immune system of poultry is typically divided into innate responses and adaptive responses, and reviews of the avian immune system can be found elsewhere (Korver, 2012; Kogut, et al., 2020). Briefly, the innate response includes non-specific mechanisms of exclusion such as the skin and mucosal surfaces of the digestive tract, lungs and other organ systems with exposure to the outside world. Thus, one of the primary means of...
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Infectious bronchitis live vaccine is given recommended right or wrong at the stage of laying birds(Age 25 wks above any situation). Have any harmful effects on egg production????...
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The vaccination of laying hens with live vaccines against Salmonella Enteritidis applied in a 3-dose vaccination regimen during rearing has been one of the measures implemented that has reduced the prevalence of Salmonella in poultry and therefore also the risk of...
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