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Poultry vaccines
Disease prevention by vaccination is an integral part of flock health management protocols. Active immunization using live vaccines is the current industry standard. Routinely used vaccines in chickens include MDV, NDV, IBV, and IBDV, and in turkeys NDV and HEV. Newer vaccines, including molecular recombinants in which genes of immunogenic proteins from infectious agents are inserted into a live viral vector, are also being examined for commercial use. Efforts are under way to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of adjuvants, particularly cytokines. The vaccine delivery systems include in ovo injection, aerosol, spray, drinking water, eye drop, and wing web injection. The in ovo vaccination procedure is relatively new and at the present time it is used primarily to vaccinate broiler chickens against MDV. Birds respond to vaccines by developing humoral and cellular immune responses. There are two main types of vaccine available for poultry: live or killed.
1. Introduction Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an economically concerning disease in the poultry industry. This highly contagious disease is caused by Gallidalphaherpes virus type1 (GaHV 1), commonly known as infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) [1]. ILT is characterized by severe dyspnea, cough, and rales, while the sub-acute form is characterized by nasal and ocular discharge, tracheitis, conjunctivitis, and mild rales [2]. Chickens of all ages are prone to...
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Dr. Christiane Keppler, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen (LLH - Hesse State Framing Authority)
As in previous years, poultry farmers are currently facing a number of challenges. These include, in particular, a further...
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1. Introduction Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is an oncogenic and highly contagious alpha herpesvirus in chickens [1]. This virus is considered a major global challenge in the poultry industry and is estimated to cause annual losses of approximately USD 1–2 billion [2]. Protective vaccines against Marek’s disease (MD) have been widely used since 1969 [3]. Due to the evolution of viral strains selecting for higher virulence, the need to develop vaccines with...
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The poultry industry plays a pivotal role in meeting global demands for protein-rich food. However, it faces significant challenges due to emerging infectious diseases, environmental concerns, and ethical considerations surrounding animal welfare. This abstract presents a comprehensive perspective on the integration of biosecurity measures within the framework of One Health, with the aim of enhancing the overall health, welfare, and productivity of commercial poultry operations. The concept...
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The H5N1 avian influenza virus poses a significant threat to poultry populations and human health, with sporadic outbreaks and the potential for pandemic emergence. Traditional vaccine development approaches have faced challenges in achieving broad spectrum protection due to the high mutation rate of the virus. This abstract outlines novel strategies that have emerged to address these hurdles. Firstly, advances in reverse genetics technology have enabled the creation of recombinant vaccines,...
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The experience. The silent entry of the Avian Influenza (AI) virus into Mexican territory, for the experience. In March 1994, a Low Pathogenicity (LP) subtype H5N2 virus entered Mexico stealthily and spread fast in poultry districts. The virus was common in flocks when discovered. It became an HP virus in December, jeopardizing food security. A biological was developed using biosafety. December 1995 saw HPAIfree nation. From January to December 1995, 383 million vaccinations were given. The...
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FIGAP 2026: The Scientific And Technological Exhibition Of The Livestock Industry
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Avian influenza (AI) significantly threatens global poultry production and public health. Efforts to combat this viral disease have been predominantly focused on vaccination strategies, with limited success in controlling its spread. This study explores a novel approach utilizing genome editing techniques to enhance avian influenza resistance in chickens. Specifically, we employ CRISPR-Cas9 technology to target the ANP32 genes, endogenous proteins co-opted by influenza for replication in...
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The first report of news of an epizootic of Avian Influenza (AI) occurred in the neighborhoods of the city of Turin, Italy, in family poultry farms in 1878, which resulted in high mortality rates. The infection spread to the north and west of Europe, ending a year later in England. It was the distinguished Italian veterinarian Edoardo Bellarmino Perocitto (1847-1936), who created a detailed clinical, pathological, and epidemiological description of this viral infection of birds. In 2014, a...
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Avian influenza is a highly contagious disease that severely affects poultry production and food security. Several countries have developed vaccination programs to prevent and control avian influenza. Unlike currently available vaccines, modified live virus (MLV) vaccines have the potential to be easily mass-applied. Concerns of reversion, recombination, and unintended transmission have slowed the development of MLVs against avian influenza for use in poultry. To address these concerns, we...
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Avian influenza virus (AIV) is a highly contagious and lethal disease that can have major impacts on the global poultry industry and food supply. While more frequent in Asia and Europe, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) outbreaks have traditionally been rare in the U.S. However, in recent years, the U.S. has seen an increase in the incidence of HPAIV outbreaks in wild birds and commercial poultry. In 2014/2015 and in 2021/2022, outbreaks of HPAIV subtype H5NX clade 2.3.4.4...
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Effects of Amino Acids on Immune Responses and Gut Health in Poultry
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Abstract Since Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) was first detected in two broiler chicken flocks in the USA in 1963, outbreaks of the disease have been reported. Historically, IBH was known to occur as a secondary pathogen, particularly in the presence of immunosuppressive agents, but it´s no longer the case. During the late 1980´s and recently, IBH and Hydropericardium Syndrome (HHS) have been widely distributed in broiler flocks in several countries and...
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The WVEPAH training program is designed for veterinarians and poultry professionals who wish to consolidate and refine their knowledge in areas such as pathology, nutrition, biosecurity, and epidemiology, among others. We are pleased to announce our upcoming course:
Module II: Commercial Layers at the prestigious Universidad Nacional...
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The emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) strains poses a significant threat to both avian populations and human health. Vaccination has been identified as a critical tool in mitigating the spread of HPAI. However, the acceptance and implementation of avian influenza vaccination programs have been met with opposition from various stakeholders, including poultry producers, public health authorities, and consumers. This abstract provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving...
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Vaccination against avian influenza requires the assessment of multiple technical, legislative, and trade aspects related to its epidemiology and the country’s veterinary infrastructure, commerce policies, and interests. According to the World Organization of Animal Health (WOAH), vaccination against AI should not preclude a country from eligibility for trade as long as it can prove freedom from natural infection. Importing countries may have policies above the general guidelines...
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Chinese: A fat digestion and absorption enhancer for feeding monogastric species
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I. INTRODUCTION The product tested is a purified yeast fraction which is highly concentrated in β-1.3/1.6 glucans (BG). β-1.3/1.6 glucans stimulate the immune system by triggering the Dectin-1 receptors located on the surface of phagocytes, stimulating a release of cytokines. Cytokines induce different immune pathways causing an immune response. When phagocytes that have previously been exposed to β-1.3/1.6 glucans, their immune responses toa pathogen is faster and...
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I. INTRODUCTION To successfully develop a challenge model to simulate actual infection as seen in production practices, a seeder challenge model was proposed and previously shown to be an effective method to infect poultry (Cox et al., 1996, 2020). However, applying it in this way to young layers is novel. This pilot study was developed with the objective of determining the success of this challenge method. A second objective was to determine the base line effectiveness of the...
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Effectiveness of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Their Derived Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Controlling Coccidiosis in Broilers (Extract)
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Newcastle Disease (ND) and Influenza A (IA) are major poultry diseases affecting both commercial and backyard poultry production worldwide1 . We conducted a Nepal’s first nationwide ND and IA prevalence study in 2018, collecting samples from both in commercial and backyard poultry farms. In commercial and backyard farms prevalence of ND was 70% and 17.5% respectively. We also determined the prevalence of IA in these farms (commercial= 27.5%, backyard= 7.5%). Genotype II was the most...
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Javier Sanz Martín, shares with us his field experiences in autogenous vaccines and the role of EMAV....
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Javier Sanz Martín, mentions why we should use autogenous vaccines in poultry production....
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