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Phytogenics in poultry nutrition
Phytogenics, also known as phytobiotics, are natural bioactive compounds of botanical origin that are used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and are added to feed to enhance animal performance. Although phytogenics encompass a wide variety of substances of biological origin, formulation, chemical characterization, and purity, they can be classified into four groups: (1) herbs (products obtained from flowering, woody, and nonperennial plants); (2) botanicals (whole or processed parts of a plant, such as roots, leaves, tree bark, and spices); (3) essential oils (hydro-distilled extracts of volatile plant compounds); and (4) oleoresins (anhydrous solvent-based extracts). These plant-derived products do not contain residues, are natural, and are less toxic than synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals. Many are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and can be used as feed additives in animal nutrition.
Functional foods can be defined as foods containing bioactives that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Substantial research has examined phytochemical bioactives; however, there is also interest in bioactives from animals. Functional foods of animal origin are due to the bioactives present in foods such as eggs, dairy, meat and fish. This presentation will introduce and overview the concept of functional foods and outline the uniqueness of animals as a source of bioactives for...
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I. INTRODUCTION Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broiler chickens is an economically important disease which can be controlled by antibiotics (Timbermont, et al., 2011). The occurrence of necrotic lesions in the small intestine is associated with proliferation of Clostridium perfringens, which leads to lower growth rate in subclinically infected chickens. Increasing concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and the presence of drug residues in animal products have led many countries to ban...
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Reduced crude protein diets maintains growth and yield parameters of mixed-sex broilers while reducing nitrogen excretion
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Oregano essential oil (OEO) and carvacrol, the main compound of OEO, are considered as a reference for biological activities of essential oils (EO). OEO has positive effects on gut and immune system developments potentially related to antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in chickens (Brenes and Roura, 2010). Embryonic development accounts for one-third of the lifespan of modern broiler chickens, and has the potential to determine performance in later life. In-ovo injection is a powerful...
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In the 21st Century, the poultry industry has risen to the challenges of growing animal protein demand to feed a hungry world. More emphasis than ever before is now placed on global food security. The demand for poultry meat and eggs, produced under high animal welfare standardsis increasing. Consumer of 21st Century is more vigilant to food quality and to make right choice and preference of food with high nutritional value. Chicken meat is considered as an easily available...
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I. INTRODUCTION Maintenance of intestinal integrity is of fundamental importance to the overall health and growth performance of the bird. Disturbances in the homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract can result in inflammatory process, loss of intestinal integrity, low nutrient digestibility and poor growth performance. In a situation of intestinal inflammation, pro-inflammatory interleukins such as interleukin-12 are produced with the objective to defending the host from any...
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Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) contain functional phytochemical components that are used as feed additives to improve gut health and reduce the need for antibiotics. The injection of EOs into fertile eggs has the potential to influence the developing embryo including the gastrointestinal tract. This in turn may mitigate intestinal susceptibility and regulate gut microbial composition, resulting in long-term benefits in the chicken's life. However, some gaps in the in-ovo injection...
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Introducing Afla-V ONE: Fast, precise aflatoxin detection for complete feeds and pet foods
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I. INTRODUCTION Consumer demand for organic and free-range poultry products is driving the commercial egg industry away from conventional housing systems towards free-range housing systems that allow birds access to the outdoors. Whilst these systems are considered higher welfare, they also carry more health risks that can impact the intestinal health of the bird, such as greater exposure to parasites as reported by Permin et al., (1999). Intestinal helminths such as nematodes and...
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The greater intensification of animal production cannot neglect the welfare and the correct conditions of animal housing and management. The European Union (EU) has established a wide range of legislative provisions that guarantee this condition and more and...
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Evan Chaney (Cargill) Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause colibacillosis in poultry operations resulting in significant flock health and economic burden, creating the need for additional solutions to promote resiliency against infection. This study evaluated a postbiotic feed additive containing a saponin ingredient (SCFP+; Dia-V™ PT PLUS prototype, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA), alone or in combination with...
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Megan Koppen (Cargill) Challenges and demand in the poultry industry paired with volatile feed ingredient costs and varying meat prices continue to persist. Thus, focusing on value-add feed additive selection is vital, especially with birds reared longer. Phytogenic feed additives have shown to improve nutrient digestion and utilization as well as meat quality properties. Based on several digestibility studies, Delacon developed nutritional matrix...
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Megan Koppen (Cargill) Yucca schidgera (steroidal) and Quillaja saponaria (triterpenoid) are two saponins available for commercial feed use in the poultry industry. Though their targeted effects tend to overlap, notable differences in their chemical make-up, structural complexity and mechanistic action exist. While saponins are known to reduce ammonia emissions in livestock, direct saponin source comparisons are scarcely found in literature. The...
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Megan Koppen (Cargill) explains how phytogenic feed additives can boost performance and get better return of investment on older broilers, in this interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Megan Koppen (Cargill) talks about Yucca and Quillaja saponins and their impact on performance and ammonia emissions in broilers, in this interview during IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Mohammed el Amine Benarbia (NOR-FEED) speaks on the characteristics of saponins and the results of his research presented at IPPE 2024 in Atlanta, USA....
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Enteric diseases can severely affect the health and welfare of broiler chicks, often requiring antibiotic treatment. A key focus of livestock research has been the development of preventive measures to avoid the need for antibiotic products. Within this context, the use of dietary essential oils (EO) has been widely studied, showing consistent positive effects on gut health (Brenes & Roura, 2010). However, little is known regarding in ovo applications of EOs, and if they improve...
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INTRODUCTION In South Africa and worldwide, the poultry sector contributes immensely to the global food security status of consumers (1). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2), the demand for poultry feeds is increasing due to the high growth of commercial and smallholder poultry enterprises. Moreover, in the poultry sector, feed accounts for approximately 60–80% of the total cost (3), with fish and soybean meal used as the main protein sources. However,...
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I. Introduction A consistent definition of aging was presented by DiLoreto and Murphy (2015). According to these authors, aging is the result of the non-functionality of the animal's cells, tissues and organs, caused by the stochastic degradation of its parts. This definition considers the changes that have occurred in laying hens that affect the rate of lay (Gu et al. 2021a, 2021b). The main changes are related to the digestive, reproductive system, endocrine glands and...
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The use of antimicrobials in agriculture including broiler production is cause for concern due to the development of antibiotic resistant pathogens affecting both farm animals and humans (Marshall and Levy, 2011). Essential oils (EO) have been considered as promising alternatives to antibiotics. The aim of this study was to establish a standard in-ovo intervention using oregano EO to enhance resilience of new-born chicks against pathogens without compromising post-hatching performance. One...
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Reduced crude protein diets maintains growth and yield parameters of mixed-sex broilers while reducing nitrogen excretion
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I. Introduction Ingredients other than in-feed antimicrobial compounds can offer a sustainable approach to improving gastrointestinal (GI) health and animal performance. Efficient egg production and egg quality are of major importance to the poultry industry, but their optimisation is dependent on numerous factors. Nutrition and disease factors are among the most common factors affecting egg production and quality (Roberts, 2004). It follows that a healthy GI tract is required for...
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Kostas Mountzouris (Agricultural University of Athens) A deeper understanding of critical bird homeostasis responses may augment poultry industry efforts for improved bird resilience and production sustainability. The aim of this work was to explore the expression range of critical genes in the broiler gut as responses to diverse dietary inputs. The gene transcripts studied were grouped based on their functional role under functional indices, termed...
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