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Phytogenics in poultry nutrition
Phytogenics, also known as phytobiotics, are natural bioactive compounds of botanical origin that are used as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) and are added to feed to enhance animal performance. Although phytogenics encompass a wide variety of substances of biological origin, formulation, chemical characterization, and purity, they can be classified into four groups: (1) herbs (products obtained from flowering, woody, and nonperennial plants); (2) botanicals (whole or processed parts of a plant, such as roots, leaves, tree bark, and spices); (3) essential oils (hydro-distilled extracts of volatile plant compounds); and (4) oleoresins (anhydrous solvent-based extracts). These plant-derived products do not contain residues, are natural, and are less toxic than synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals. Many are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and can be used as feed additives in animal nutrition.
The discovery of antibiotics in 1928 has led to a revolution in the field of medical and veterinary sciences. The use of antibiotics started and the practice is done till date with a large number and different generations of antibiotics available to us. These antibiotics have a greater role to play to save the lives and they have saved millions of lives which became the reason for its indiscriminate uses and thereafter development of resistant strains of bacteria. The resistance further led...
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Research and Markets has announced the addition of the "Feed Phytogenics Market by Type (Essential Oils, Herbs & Spices, Oleoresins, and Others), Livestock (Swine, Ruminants, Aquatics, Equine, Poultry, and Others), Function, & by Region - Global Trends & Forecast to 2021" report to their offering. The global feed phytogenics market size is projected to reach USD 769.5 Million by 2021, at a CAGR of around 7.1% from 2016 to 2021. The global feed phytogenics market is growing...
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Phytoactive ingredients have synergistic effects when they are mixed in certain ratio from different herbs. This synergistic activity may be many timeshigher than that of individual herbal activity and this is the basis of polyherbal solutions. More than 5000 year old science of Ayurveda and its principles when scrutinized through spectacles of science, amazing results were evident particularly with respect to the food safety concerns. This science of polyherbalism has rock solid foundation...
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Livestock are playing an ever increasing role in meeting the demand for food world over. Ironically, it is facing the dual challenges of sufficiency and safer production . According to the FAO, animal protein production will grow at least 3 times by 2050, and meats (poultry, swine, and beef) will double. The increasing consumer demand for meat for food necessitates raising of livestock under intensive production system,...
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The use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in animal production began half a century ago, when Stokstad and Jukes added residues of chlortetracycline production to chicken feed. They were added with the objective to serve as a source of vitamin B12, but they caused a growth stimulation that was far too large to be explained only as a vitamin effect. ...
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International Journal of Poultry Science 12 (1): 51-54, 2013 ISSN 1682-8356 © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2013 Abstract A study was conducted during the months of December-January involving sixty one week old broiler chickens, distributed into two experimental groups having three replicates of ten birds each. The birds of the first group were fed a basal diet (22.5% CP & 2830 K...
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Introduction
Colibacillosis, necrotic & hemorrhagic enteritis are some of the infectious diseases affecting digestive system in poultry. Problems may range from severe acute infections with sudden death or high mortality to mild infections of a chronic nature with low morbidity and mortality. Specific & non-specific enteritis is one of the most economically important since it has been shown to impair feed conversion in...
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INTRODUCTION In recent years food safety concerns have been focused on pathogens, such as Salmonella which is recognized as a primary cause of food poisoning worldwide and massive outbreaks have been occurred in several parts of the world [1]. Salmonella typhi and S. paratyphi , are considered as one of the major diseases resulting in considerable morbidity and usually cause severe...
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Virtually all modern commercial broiler diets are supplemented with liquid oil or fat. This provides energy, improves the absorption of fat soluble vitamins, provides essential fatty acids and acts as a lubricant and dust control agent in feed processing. There has been renewed interest in the use of full fat oilseed meals to replace a portion of added feed grade fat as the price dynamics between oilseeds, protein meals and extracted oils has changed due to...
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1 Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 2 Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701 3 Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2008, 74(14):4564. DOI:10.1128/AEM.02528-07. ...
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The term 'stress', which in English means strain, is used in engineering to define the strain or stress to which materials are subjected. Between 1910 and 1920, Dr. Cannon used the term stress for the first time to indicate an alarming reaction produced in the body by an external stimulus. The Canadian scientist Hans Seyle, in an article published in 1936 pointed out that this alarming reaction is not bound to the type of stressor (stressful agent). He asked...
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INTRODUCTION Antibiotics have been extensively used as feed additives and growth promoters in animal feed industry. The use of antibiotics as feed additives is hazardous due to crossresistance and multiple resistances of pathogens (Schwarz et al., 2001). Therefore, European Union has banned the application of most of antibiotics in poultry diets. Thus, during the past decade many studies...
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Introduction Antibiotics are utilized as growth promoters and for disease prevention and treatment. The beneficial effects of antibiotics in combating bacteria problems and as growth promoters are well known. Medication of water using antibiotics helps birds to recover from diseases (of bacterial origin). However, there may be problems associated with antibiotics such as drugs toxicity,...
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Introduction
Previous studies have demonstrated that a metabolizable energy (ME) value of 50 kcal/kg could be attributed to 100 ppm of an encapsulated blend of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and capsicum oleoresin (XT, XTRACT® 6930 – Pancosma). In addition, work with phytonutrients has shown that the improvement in performance is closely associated to changes in intestinal microflora, and improvement in digestion...
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Effect of Selected Yeast Fraction on The Growth of Clostridium Perfringens: Quantitative Determination of Growth Inhibition and Adsorption Capacity
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Introduction
Studies have demonstrated that a metabolizable energy (ME) value of 50 kcal/kg could be attributed to 100 ppm of an encapsulated blend of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and capsicum oleoresin (XT, XTRACT® 6930 – Pancosma). In addition, a previous work showed that XT led to greater performance compared to a standard supplementation of bacitracine in broilers. Therefore the objective of this trial was...
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Introduction Efforts to replace synthetic vitamins and enzymes by herbal preparations are always being made through research to avoid the side effects of them in livestock and poultry. It has been reported that a herbal product lactogen galacta-gogue had effectively maintained the egg production in pullets affected with coccidiosis (Jadhav et al.,1997). Further, it has been recorded that herbal products like Livifit and AV/HTP/36 improved...
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INTRODUCTION Benzoic acid provides an effective control against fungi, yeasts and bacteria (e.g. E.coli and Salmonella ). Essential oils can inhibit Clostridium perfringens and stimulate the secretion of endogenous digestive enzymes (e.g. amylase and lipase). A trial was performed to evaluate the effect of benzoic acid in combination with essential oils (thymol, eugenol and piperine) –feed...
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INTRODUCTION Antibiotics are microbial metabolites produced by fungi and algae which have low molecule weight and can inhibit the growth of other microorganisms even in low concentrations (Nir and Ve-Senkoylu, 2000). While antibiotics have prevalently been used as growth promoters in animal nutrition, European Community has prohibited the use of antibiotics in animal nutrition as growth promoters from January 1, 2006 (Anonymous, 2005). As a...
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CARVACROL and Phytogenic Feeds (PF)
Posted on June 4, 2013 by admin
Carcavrol has the distinct aroma of oregano. Oreganon oil consists of Carvacrol and Thymol in the main. Now apart from flavouring there is a lot of use of these and other essential oils in the feed industry as an alternative to antibiotics.
Restriction on the use of in-feed antibiotics in many countries has fuelled the interest in alternative products. A group of natural products known as phytogenics has been the focus...
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Anticoccidial efficacy of ‘Coxynil” a herbal feed additive was tested against Einieria tenella in broilers, vs. a vs. Salinomycin. Body weight of birds challenged with E. tenella in Coxynil treated groups was higher as compared to Coxynil untreated & Salinomycin treated groups.. Oocyst out put, lesion score, HI titres against New Castle disease virus and T Cells were significantly higher in Coxynil supplemented groups. Examination of ceaca of the birds, revealed that the...
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