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Hatching - Incubation
Hatching of eggs refers to the production of baby chicks. In early days eggs were hatched by placing them under broody hens. Desi hens proved to be ideal for this purpose. Only 10 to 12 eggs can be put under 1 hen. This method of hatching is highly unsatisfactory for large-scale production of baby chicks. Incubators, which provide similar environment as that of broody hens, but more efficiently, are used at present for hatching of eggs. The incubation period for chicken eggs is 20 to 21 days, and increases up to 30 days for other poultry. After sitting for some days, a broody hen can be given some newly hatched chicks and, if they are accepted, the original eggs can be removed and replaced with more chicks. Thus hens with a better record of mothering can be better utilised for their abilities. Eggs initially need a very controlled heat input to maintain the optimum temperature of 38°C, because the embryo is microscopic in size.
The UGA International Poultry Short Course provides a comprehensive overview of modern poultry production.
It is intended for those individuals with limited knowledge of poultry, as well as those who might have considerable experience in one area of poultry production but would like to have a better...
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I. INTRODUCTION Body composition, more specifically breast muscle and the abdominal fat pad, at the end of the rearing period of breeder pullets seems to play an important role in egg production, lay persistency, and fertility in the laying phase. Management of feeding by changing feed allowance or nutrient composition of the breeder pullet’s diet during rearing can alter body composition at the onset of lay. Adequate dietary protein is necessary to have optimum ovary...
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While the breeding programs of commercial meat chickens select birds with robust legs (Davis, 2015), poor leg strength and reduced locomotion are frequently observed in late stages of growth. We have previously reported that lower egg shell temperatures during early incubation, which delays chick hatch time, increases bone ash (BA) (Muir and Groves, 2017). Observations from our research and the literature (e.g. Ulmer-Franco et al., 2010) suggest that maternal breeder flock age may influence...
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I. INTRODUCTION Production improvements in commercial meat chickens via genetic selection and improved husbandry have resulted in rapid growing birds. These birds have endemically reduced locomotor ability; a conservative estimate is that 30% of birds in a flock are likely to have poor mobility (Knowles et al, 2008). Leg weakness has a direct impact on production due to lower bird quality, which may result in culls or condemnation of carcasses. While not well understood, early rapid...
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1. Introduction The surface of eggshells can be contaminated by bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp., which may account for 84% and 77% of the present Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, respectively [1]. In addition to antibiotic resistance [1], Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) may also be associated with the death of chicken embryos [2,3]. Eggs appear to be quite vulnerable to several threats, even biofilm...
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An essential oil shows promise for improving the immunity of broiler chickens before they hatch, according to University of Queensland research. Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation’s Dr Mila Meijer injected oregano essential oil compounds into fertile eggs to test its impact and found that it had a positive impact on the developing chick’s immune system. “Carvacrol is the main compound found in...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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In recent years, the poultry industry has been increasingly interested in determining gender of newly hatched chicks so birds can be sorted into separate sex groups for rearing. However, at hatch, accurately sexing chicks is difficult as both sexes exhibit similar characteristics until approximately one month of...
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Dr. Keith Bramwell, Director of Global Hatchery Consultants at Jamesway, shares his expertise on the science behind incubation and the importance of precision in creating the ideal environment for embryos to thrive. With over 25 years in poultry science, Dr. Bramwell explains how Jamesway’s innovative technology mimics nature, offering a highly efficient and user-friendly incubation process that results in better quality chicks and improved farm performance....
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Effective Solutions for Preventing and Treating CRD in Poultry with Natural and Conventional Approaches
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Anke Förster (Agri Advanced Technologies) explains how to detect the sex of the developing embryo through hyperspectral imaging, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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Jörg Hurlin (Agri Advanced Technologies) discusses their specialized systems for hatching egg sanitation, in-ovo sexing, and breeder sorting in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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Raquel Burin (Zinpro) discusses the correlation between eggshell translucency and performance parameters, in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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Mike Petrik (Petrik Veterinary Consultants) discusses four in-ovo sexing technologies and their differences in this Engormix interview during IPPE 2025 in Atlanta, USA....
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INTRODUCTION The storage of hatching eggs is a common routine in hatcheries and varying in duration depending on hatchery capacity and the demand of day old chicks (Gharib, 2013). In some cases, the need of extending the period of storage more than seven days may takes place. Hatching eggs are stored, generally, to minimize transport cost or to collect enough eggs for high capacity incubators. Egg storage for more than 7 days deteriorated the egg white, increased embryonic...
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Author details: 1 Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil 2 Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13416-000, Brazil 3 Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil 4 Federal Institute of Brasília—Campus Planaltina, Brasília 73380-900, Brazil. 1....
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Anke Foerster, Head of Research at AAT (Agri-Advanced Technologies), shares their breakthrough in over-sex determination for poultry. Using hyperspectral analysis, AAT's machine can accurately determine embryo sex during incubation, allowing only female chicks to hatch and addressing animal welfare concerns....
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Professor Edgar Oviedo, from North Carolina State University, presents groundbreaking research on hatchery management practices, egg storage, and data analytics. His collaboration with Hy-Line International highlights the impact of improved practices on breeder productivity and egg quality....
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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Dr. Shyam Vane, Business Manager at HIPRA India Private Limited, shares insights into the rapid growth of India’s poultry industry and key health challenges such as advanced vaccines, hatchery technologies, and prevention programs, HIPRA has become a leader in ensuring poultry health and food safety.
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Dr. Christiane Keppler, Landesbetrieb Landwirtschaft Hessen (LLH - Hesse State Framing Authority)
As in previous years, poultry farmers are currently facing a number of challenges. These include, in particular, a further...
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Best Practices for Sustainable Waste Management and Environmental Solutions
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INTRODUCTION Natural medicinal products originating from herbs and spices have been used as feed additives for poultry (Guo et al., 2004). Compared with synthetic antibiotics or inorganic chemicals, these plant-derived products have proven to be natural, less toxic, residue-free, and are thought to be ideal feed additives in feeds for animal production (Wang et al., 1998). Any attempt to improve poultry production and increase its efficiency, therefore, needs to focus on the...
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Introduction It is widely appreciated that a variety of new technologies and human behavioral change will be required to feed an estimated population of 10 billion people by 2050 with environmentally sustainable production. It is also estimated that about one third (in weight) of the world’s food is lost or wasted annually. In 2021 the poultry industry supplied some 286 eggs per capita to consumers in the US market alone [1]. Remarkably, this has been achieved with an...
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