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Hatching - Incubation
Hatching of eggs refers to the production of baby chicks. In early days eggs were hatched by placing them under broody hens. Desi hens proved to be ideal for this purpose. Only 10 to 12 eggs can be put under 1 hen. This method of hatching is highly unsatisfactory for large-scale production of baby chicks. Incubators, which provide similar environment as that of broody hens, but more efficiently, are used at present for hatching of eggs. The incubation period for chicken eggs is 20 to 21 days, and increases up to 30 days for other poultry. After sitting for some days, a broody hen can be given some newly hatched chicks and, if they are accepted, the original eggs can be removed and replaced with more chicks. Thus hens with a better record of mothering can be better utilised for their abilities. Eggs initially need a very controlled heat input to maintain the optimum temperature of 38°C, because the embryo is microscopic in size.
Introduction Sustainability of the poultry industry in the US, and especially in North Carolina, is somewhat dependent upon development of strategies to minimize environmental impact. The poultry industry has been largely able to comply with nitrogen-based land application rules for poultry litter but new rules based upon litter phosphorus content pose a much greater challenge. Preliminary estimates by university scientists in North Carolina suggest that up to four times more...
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The transfer from the rearing farm to the laying facilities is a major stress, accompanied by changes in environment (temperature, humidity…) and equipment. It should be carried out as fast as possible, ideally being completed within a day. Then, between transfer and the peak of production, a rapid increase in feed intake is necessary...
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Genetic changes in broiler and layer breeds have an effect on incubation conditions. Traditional setpoints must be reviewed, whereby scientific research and new technologies provide the tools to better match the needs of the modern breeds. Standards for successful commercial incubation were defined during the...
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Healthy, vital day-old chicks are the basis of success for any hatchery operation. The success of each hatch can be actively manipulated while the embryo is still in the egg. Opportunities to control the hatchery’s output can have significant impact on the resulting broiler. ...
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Why is the incubation temperature fixed at 37 deg centigrade for all invitro microbiological culture in poultry birds, where the pathological/ septicaemic temp. exceeds the physiological 41 deg C?...
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