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Hatching - Incubation
Hatching of eggs refers to the production of baby chicks. In early days eggs were hatched by placing them under broody hens. Desi hens proved to be ideal for this purpose. Only 10 to 12 eggs can be put under 1 hen. This method of hatching is highly unsatisfactory for large-scale production of baby chicks. Incubators, which provide similar environment as that of broody hens, but more efficiently, are used at present for hatching of eggs. The incubation period for chicken eggs is 20 to 21 days, and increases up to 30 days for other poultry. After sitting for some days, a broody hen can be given some newly hatched chicks and, if they are accepted, the original eggs can be removed and replaced with more chicks. Thus hens with a better record of mothering can be better utilised for their abilities. Eggs initially need a very controlled heat input to maintain the optimum temperature of 38°C, because the embryo is microscopic in size.
Introduction
For broilers to have a good development and express their full genetic potential, placing them as soon as possible in the house after hatch, as to prevent a negative quality impact is extremely important. According to Uni and Ferket (2004), poor chick quality can cost the poultry industry nearly US$200 million. Even though It is known that the hatch-to-housing interval can...
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Bouke Hamminga, International Sales Director at Pas Reform Hatchery Technology, speaks about the company and its production bases around the world. ...
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During incubation, the content of an egg is transformed into a living, day old chick. This miracle of life is the result of a very delicate process, that requires a high level of understanding and control for optimum results. Everybody in the (incubation) industry knows how sensitive these processes are and how subtle the changes in settings and conditions are that make the difference between good and poor results.
But the question arises, what are good results in an incubation...
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Eddy Decuypere from the Katholieke Universteit Leuven, Belgium, was invited by Adisseo to discuss about early feeding of chicken in a Seminar at the WPC 2012, Brazil. ...
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Feed Conversion Ratio: Unveiling the Secrets of Sustainable Livestock Production
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The hatch window is considered a management tool in modern commercial hatcheries. This paper will discuss the definition of the hatch window and why it is considered important to manage. The embryo and incubation equipment factors that influence the hatch window will be discussed. The impact of methods to shorten the hatch window will be discussed. This paper will also discuss the impact of incubation during the hatch window on chick quality. ...
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It is in the best interest of poultry breeders to obtain as many top quality eggs as possible from each hen. Egg quality can be influenced by nutritional variables such as diet composition, electrolyte ratio and the content and composition of amino acids in the diet. Similarly, egg shell quality is of great interest to egg producers and poultry breeders. Reductions in egg shell quality are associated with economic losses. It is estimated that losses caused by poor shell quality range from 6 to...
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Eddy M Decuypere from the Katholieke Universteit Leuven, Belgium speaks about the hatching process, the factors affecting the hatching process and consequences of differential hatching during the XXII Latin American Poultry Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
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M. Boerjan from Pas Reform Hatchery Technology discusses some ideas about new incubation methods and about the circadian rhythm in the embryo. ...
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Brooding is generally the first 10-14 days in the house when the chicks are "started". Special house and feed conditions are used in this period to ensure that the chicks have an environment suited to their special temperature, management and nutrition needs. The early brooding period is the first 4 days after hatch. Since the chick is not fully developed at hatch, conditions during this time determine the...
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Introduction
Day-old chick quality is an indicator of future broiler performance. In order to enhance the prediction power of chick quality it would better to define as a combination of several qualitative parameters at hatch, and 7-day growth (Tona et al ., 2003a). Some measurements done in day-old chicks include body weight and body length. Considering that 7-day weight is a good...
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Brooding management during the first days after hatch influences the final field performance of the flock. The influence of genetic selection on this key period will be discussed. Development of organs crucial organs during this period will be discussed....
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Introduction Hatching time is characterized by a series of physiological events, such as the maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (physical and functional growth due to increased villi length, enterocyte polarization, and enzyme activities) and development of the immune system (maturation of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, establishment of passive immunity) (Willemsen et al ., 2010). The...
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Introduction Automation helps various areas of human knowledge to convert daily routines performed manually into automatic routines which, in general, are faster and safer (Bezerra, 2007). In many companies the selection of the egg is still done manually and in very unsanitary conditions for those who perform it. In addition, at the sites involved in these processes the information is collected and stored in vague or...
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Oxidative stress in animal production: how is it generated and how can we reduce it?
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HatchTech Incubation Technology has put a lot of efforts in research on the relation between chick length at day 0 and the chick weight at day 7. Results showed a positive relation between chick length at day 0 and chick weight at day 7. A longer chick at day 0, has a higher development and growth potential than a shorter chick. A longer chick has probably on day 7 also better developed organs than a shorter chick. To investigate this, a trail...
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A recent study at The University of Sydney, funded by the Poultry CRC examined how temperature and humidity during egg incubation can affect the long-term leg strength of fast growing meat chickens (broilers). The study examined the impact from two differing sets of incubation conditions on early growth rate, bone composition and leg weakness measurements in a pure line broiler breed, with initial findings showing that there were, indeed, measurable...
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Measuring chick quality has been a difficult issue since the beginning of the poultry industry. There have been many attempts over the decades to evaluate chick quality in the hatchery to predict future performance in the broiler house. One can examine chicks in the hatchery and enumerate conditions such as the incidences of red hocks, open navels, string navels, and other abnormalities. In most circumstances, the percentage of these obviously poor quality chicks is so low that it is difficult...
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Marleen Boerjan ( Pas Reform Hatchery Technologies) gave a lecture at Poultry Focus Asia 2010 and talked about Placing chick quality at the heart of the business. ...
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Pas Reform has signed an exclusive Agreement to incorporate Microban ® , the world's leading antimicrobial product protection system, into Smart hatchery technologies.
The new Agreement, signed this month, will initially see Microban ® technology incorporated into Pas Reform's patented hatcher baskets, reducing the risk of cross contamination from food poisoning bacteria by up to 99.9%.
Pas Reform has always placed great emphasis...
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In all avian species, as well as in other animals in the animal kingdom, increasing age has an adverse effect on reproductive success. The age related decrease in reproduction in the commercial fowl is due, in part, to a decline in egg production, fertility and hatch of fertile. This decline in egg production begins to occur once hens reach their peak in egg production. However, the precise factors that influence and cause the age related decline in reproduction are poorly...
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