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Hatching - Incubation
Hatching of eggs refers to the production of baby chicks. In early days eggs were hatched by placing them under broody hens. Desi hens proved to be ideal for this purpose. Only 10 to 12 eggs can be put under 1 hen. This method of hatching is highly unsatisfactory for large-scale production of baby chicks. Incubators, which provide similar environment as that of broody hens, but more efficiently, are used at present for hatching of eggs. The incubation period for chicken eggs is 20 to 21 days, and increases up to 30 days for other poultry. After sitting for some days, a broody hen can be given some newly hatched chicks and, if they are accepted, the original eggs can be removed and replaced with more chicks. Thus hens with a better record of mothering can be better utilised for their abilities. Eggs initially need a very controlled heat input to maintain the optimum temperature of 38°C, because the embryo is microscopic in size.
Dr. Decuypere speaks about incubation as a hinge between breeder and chick production with temperature as an important management tool. He also speaks about why there`s so much interest on incubation, he talks about chick quality definition and the respiration of the embryo....
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Sometimes we note that black coloured chicks hatched while the breed is normally white coloured in broiler breeder. so why is it so? ...
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Andrew M. Janczak, Associate Professor, Laboratory Head of the Norwegian University of Life Science speaks about the rearing effects on laying hen productivity and welfare....
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I was told that the hatchability for the first 7 days may remain the same as of day one but would decrease @ 1% per day after that. I am of the opinion that it may drop by 1% per week of holding. Has some one done study on this and can you enlighten me. What i am looking for is an answer to say if I hold for 7 days what is the hatch % loss, for 14 days what is the loss and 21 days what is the loss etc. ...
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Dr. Edgar Oviedo, Extension Poultry Specialist, Broiler Management at North Carolina State University speaks about his poster Effects of genetics and incubation temperature profiles on broiler footpad dermatitis, a research done in collaboration with Cobb Vantress....
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John Bierens, Sales Director Europe, introduces Vencomatic´s last innovation, X-Treck which enables direct post-hatch feed and water access and eliminates the stressful events of chick handling and transportation, providing an optimal start for chicks on the farm....
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Hatchability is commonly used to evaluate hatchery (and breeder flock) performance. Simply said, percentage hatchability = (number of chicks/number of hatching eggs) * 100. However, different interpretations of both the 'number of chicks' and...
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An improvement in the rate of gain of broilers during the last two decades has made the incubation period a larger percentage of the overall growth period for commercial poultry (Hulet, 2007). Therefore, incubation and the last days toward hatch have gained more relative importance to the successful rearing of meat poultry than ever before. It is expected that anything that supports or limits growth and development during the incubation period will have a marked...
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Poor hatching egg sanitation can be a major cause in loss of hatchability and chick quality. Every effort should be made to ensure that hatching eggs are kept as free as possible from risks of contamination from the time of egg laying until the chicks are pulled from the hatcher. There is no such thing as a sterile eggshell. Eggs removed from the oviduct have some bacteria. More bacteria are picked up on the shell when the egg passes through the cloaca where the urinary and intestinal...
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Introduction
For broilers to have a good development and express their full genetic potential, placing them as soon as possible in the house after hatch, as to prevent a negative quality impact is extremely important. According to Uni and Ferket (2004), poor chick quality can cost the poultry industry nearly US$200 million. Even though It is known that the hatch-to-housing interval can...
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Bouke Hamminga, International Sales Director at Pas Reform Hatchery Technology, speaks about the company and its production bases around the world. ...
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During incubation, the content of an egg is transformed into a living, day old chick. This miracle of life is the result of a very delicate process, that requires a high level of understanding and control for optimum results. Everybody in the (incubation) industry knows how sensitive these processes are and how subtle the changes in settings and conditions are that make the difference between good and poor results.
But the question arises, what are good results in an incubation...
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Eddy Decuypere from the Katholieke Universteit Leuven, Belgium, was invited by Adisseo to discuss about early feeding of chicken in a Seminar at the WPC 2012, Brazil. ...
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The hatch window is considered a management tool in modern commercial hatcheries. This paper will discuss the definition of the hatch window and why it is considered important to manage. The embryo and incubation equipment factors that influence the hatch window will be discussed. The impact of methods to shorten the hatch window will be discussed. This paper will also discuss the impact of incubation during the hatch window on chick quality. ...
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It is in the best interest of poultry breeders to obtain as many top quality eggs as possible from each hen. Egg quality can be influenced by nutritional variables such as diet composition, electrolyte ratio and the content and composition of amino acids in the diet. Similarly, egg shell quality is of great interest to egg producers and poultry breeders. Reductions in egg shell quality are associated with economic losses. It is estimated that losses caused by poor shell quality range from 6 to...
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Eddy M Decuypere from the Katholieke Universteit Leuven, Belgium speaks about the hatching process, the factors affecting the hatching process and consequences of differential hatching during the XXII Latin American Poultry Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
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M. Boerjan from Pas Reform Hatchery Technology discusses some ideas about new incubation methods and about the circadian rhythm in the embryo. ...
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Brooding is generally the first 10-14 days in the house when the chicks are "started". Special house and feed conditions are used in this period to ensure that the chicks have an environment suited to their special temperature, management and nutrition needs. The early brooding period is the first 4 days after hatch. Since the chick is not fully developed at hatch, conditions during this time determine the...
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Introduction
Day-old chick quality is an indicator of future broiler performance. In order to enhance the prediction power of chick quality it would better to define as a combination of several qualitative parameters at hatch, and 7-day growth (Tona et al ., 2003a). Some measurements done in day-old chicks include body weight and body length. Considering that 7-day weight is a good...
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