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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
I. INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the biggest threats to human and animal health today (Australian Government, 2015; O’Neill 2016) and all users of antimicrobial agents have a responsibility to ensure that these agents are only used when necessary.
The Australian poultry industry takes the issue of AMR very seriously and has a long history of developing and introducing initiatives to enhance infection prevention and...
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The use of Bacillus species as probiotic supplements is expanding rapidly and these products demonstrate immune stimulation, antimicrobial activities, enzyme production and competitive exclusion as the most prevalent modes of action (Grant et al., 2018; Hmani et. al., 2017; Reis et al., 2017).
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain Bacillus-based directly fed microbial (DFM) and its three single strains on performance of broilers challenged with a...
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Modern animal feeding includes prophylactic approaches for supporting intestinal homeostasis and immunity, in order to avoid dysbiosis, diseases, and need for antimicrobial medication. According to the principles of the One Health concept, the well-being of humans, animals and the environment are all connected, and at these times of a pandemic, avoiding the excess usage of antibiotics in animal farming is more important than ever. Pro-, pre- and synbiotics Prebiotics and...
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Fowl cholera, caused by Pasteurella multocida, remains a major problem of poultry worldwide. In the current report, we describe an outbreak in free range organic broilers. In addition to culturing samples from dead broilers, we attempted to isolate P. multocida from feral cats trapped on the farm. The isolates were identified by PCR as P. multocida and then serotyped using the Heddleston scheme and genotyped using both a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method and an enterobacterial...
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Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products Improve Growth Performance and Intestinal Gut Morphology in Broilers under Clostridium perfringens Challenges (Extract)
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1. Introduction Recently, oxidative stress has become a major concern as a life threatening and a chronic-disease mediator [1–3]. The reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (ROS, RNS) are normally generated during the respiratory chain reaction in the mitochondria. Nevertheless, the excessive production of such ROS and RNS induces oxidative stress, homeostasis imbalance and subsequent pathological conditions [4]. Bacterial infection activates immune cells and induces...
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1) Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) does nothing.
2) MS does not have airborne spread.
3) It is not MS because there is no joint involvement.
4) You must use F strain in the first stage of eradicating MG.
That MS does nothing is an interesting view. There is great variation in the potential of MS strains to cause disease but avian Mycoplasma experts worldwide agree that MS is a pathogen, it has its own chapter in Diseases of Poultry describing its pathogenic potential...
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Background Infectious synovitis was first described and associated with mycoplasma infection in the USA during the early 1950’s [1] and the causative organism was designated later as Mycoplasma synoviae [2]. It is a cosmopolitan microorganism in poultry production. The clinical signs of MS infection can be different according to its tropism and poultry categories. M. synoviae infection most frequently occurs as a subclinical upper respiratory infection, but more severe...
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I would be grateful if somebody tell me if I vaccinated a flock with ts-11at 10 week old if at 26 week -old found the mean titer of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 1454 is that a titer of the vaccine or field challenge . When does the antibody titer following vaccination at 10 week -old with ts-11 wane to negative titer t ...
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Innovative Directions in Aflatoxin Testing Point to Measureable Gains in Quality Of Lab Data
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Gangrenous dermatitis (GD) is a serious bacterial disease affecting poultry. It generally is fatal, often within 24 hours. It sometimes seems to appear almost out of nowhere because suddenly you will have healthy birds and dead birds, but not many birds in between. While GD has been reported in commercial layers, turkeys, and broiler breeders, it usually occurs in fast-growing broilers between 4 and 8 weeks of age .
In recent years, there has been an increase of...
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Hello, guys am happy to say hi to you all. The problem I am facing in my cage for my poultry is fowl pox and coryza. What to do? ...
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Introduction Avian respiratory tract infections are associated with massive economic losses particularly under poor intensive rearing conditions in winter sea-sons. Several pathogens, adverse environmental conditions and poor managemental factors are involved [1–3]. Pathogens include avian influenza virus (AIV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), avian pneumovirus (APV), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), and avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)....
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Lack of adequate controls or decontamination procedures render many breeding chicken flocks susceptible to avian salmonellosis, either from contaminated environments or between birds and their young within the flock. Salmonella Pullorum...
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Introduction. Salmonella Gallinarum with the biotypes Gallinarum and Pullorum causes two septicaemic diseases in poultry: Fowl Typhoid and Pullorum Disease. The former Salmonella Pullorum serovar is not recognised anymore as such. Both biotypes are differentiated by a few biochemical and molecular tests. This bacterium is highly adapted to produce a septicaemic disease in birds. In general all other animals’ species...
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I would be grateful if somebody can explain why mycoplasma maternal antibody titre is always negative in day-old chick from vaccinated parent breeder when tested by Elisa? Why do day-old chicks tested for mycoplasma maternal antibody at 3 week old with Elisa and why does that happen with mycoplasma and not another respiratory disease? ...
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INTRODUCTION Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major threat for public health worldwide (WHO, 2014). One of the main factors contributing to the emergence of resistant bacteria has been the massive use of antimicrobials for growth promotion and disease prevention for several years in animal production (Guo et al., 2018; Mehdi et al., 2018). However, although nowadays the use of antibiotics in poultry is a controlled practice (ESVAC, 2017), different studies...
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