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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Introduction
Colibacillosis, necrotic & hemorrhagic enteritis are some of the infectious diseases affecting digestive system in poultry. Problems may range from severe acute infections with sudden death or high mortality to mild infections of a chronic nature with low morbidity and mortality. Specific & non-specific enteritis is one of the most economically important since it has been shown to impair feed conversion in...
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Introduction Salmonella ranks among the world’s biggest threats to health. In the United States alone, it is responsible for around 580 deaths and an estimated 15,000 hospitalisations each year (WHO, 2005) - and these are just the reported cases. Annually, it has been estimated that cases of human salmonellosis in the United States may actually vary from 2 to 4 million (Jones, 2011). Salmonella is the second most...
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Emerging Infection
About 4-5 years ago there was an increase in the number of chickens in Ontario that were affected by conditions such as arthritis and osteomyelitis (inflammation in the bone marrow). It was discovered that a bacterium called Enterococcus cecorum was the culprit. Such infections with E. cecorum were known from other places in the world, but had remained infrequent in North...
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INTRODUCTION Salmonellae including pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and other infections may cause varieties of clinical signs from acute systemic disease and gastrointestinal symptoms in poultry flocks to embryonic problem in hatchery. With great expansion of the poultry rearing and farming, pullorum disease and fowl typhoid have become wide spread problem in Bangladesh as well as other countries of the world. In recent years, diagnostic...
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I. INTRODUCTION Food borne illness costs Australia an estimated $1.2 billion per year (Hall et al., 2005). The annual report of the OzFoodnet network (2009) reported 9,533 cases of Salmonella infection. Although the eggs produced in Australia are of good quality, the egg industry is often blamed for cases of food poisoning due to Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis can be acquired by the ingestion of raw or undercooked eggs. As well, cross contamination...
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Introduction Salmonellosis is the main collective food-borne disease of human beings, caused by many serotypes of Salmonella enterica. Poultry products and derivatives have been implicated in Salmonella zoonoses in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Pullorum disease with Salmonella Pullorum represented a serious poultry health problem until huge resources were used to limit its expansion, but these efforts allowed the emergence of other...
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Following an EU ban on livestock antibiotics, scientists pave the way for a vaccine to combat a devastating avian disease. The technology could be adapted to fight food poisoning and bioterror. (The report was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and in Vaccine .)
A vaccine candidate from the UK could save poultry farmers from a bacterial...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers – caused by Clostridium perfringens – is largely controlled by in-feed antibiotics in Australia. Alternatives to antibiotics are being sought by industry and must be tested under simulated outbreak conditions. An existing NE challenge model employed at UNE has demonstrated differences between NE intestinal lesion score between unmedicated challenged and unchallenged controls. However, up to 20% NE-related mortality was routinely...
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Poultry CRC researcher, Dr Kapil Chousalkar at The University of Adelaide, has recently commenced a project investigating the dynamics of Salmonella shedding on commercial cage layer farms. Titled Epidemiology of Salmonella on layer farms , this research aims to determine the roles environmental, or bird or egg factors play in the transmission pathways of Salmonella species. “This will answer...
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Antimicrobial or antibiotic resistance is an emotive and often misunderstood topic. It is a subject that many, including governments, academics and consumers, use as a stick to beat our industry with! With this article we hope to give you a clearer picture of some of the issues involved and endeavour to look at the subject from a practical/field point of view rather than a theoretical/academic position.
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Breeding In the U.S., vaccines are the most commonly used approach to eliminating Salmonella in breeder chickens. In the E.U., Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, and Sweden have taken the approach that if a breeder flock is positive for Salmonella, they slaughter the flock. This is cost preclusive in the U.S. due to the scale of the industry. The E. U. in general use vaccination and/or competitive exclusion as a...
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INTRODUCTION FOWL CHOLERA Fowl cholera is a Bacteria disease caused by a gram-negative spore forming bacterium which can affect a wider range of hosts such as Turkeys, Ducks and chicken. This disease also known as Avian pasteurelosis can affect all age grade of chicken but older birds are more susceptible with a higher incidence recorded...
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INTRODUCTION Salmonellosis account for a severe problem of public health both in developing and developed countries and several controlling mechanisms of such pathogen have been applied to poultry production (Cardoso and Carvalho, 2006). The inhibition effect produced by probiotics on the population of pathogenic enterobacteria such as Salmonella through the competitive...
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Introduction
This review seeks to provide an up-to-date view on the diagnosis and prevention of two major bacterial diseases of poultry - fowl cholera and infectious coryza. The review will focus on key issues and recent advances. More detailed and historical data are already covered in a range of standard texts that are widely available e.g. Diseases of Poultry (Blackall and...
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Introduction
For more than two decades, public health authorities throughout the world have reported the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( S. Enteritidis) to consumers of contaminated eggs produced by infected hens (Greig & Ravel, 2009). For example, epidemiological calculations in the United States have attributed more than 100,000 annual illnesses to...
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The review provides an update on the diagnosis and control of two major bacterial diseases of poultry – fowl cholera and infectious coryza. For both diseases, there are now rapid, molecular based diagnostic....
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