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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Introduction.
Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) is a leading cause of lameness in commercial broilers produced in North America (1, 2, 9) . The lesions most often occur in the proximal femora and tibiae and are associated with osteochondrotic microfractures and clefts in rapidly growing broilers....
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1) What is Salmonella? Salmonellae are gram-negative bacteria, which belong to the genus Salmonella which is part of the family of Enterobacteriaceae (bacteria living in the intestine). Salmonellae are non-encapsulated bacteria that can grow under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The optimum temperature for growth is 35 to 43ºC while the optimum pH is 6.6 to 8.2. However, Salmonellae can continue to grow at pH values between 4.5 and 9.5 and at...
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Research and development at Diamond V over more than 70 years has led to product technologies proven to support the immune system, particularly in its response to respiratory challenges (Jensen et al., 2008 and Moyad et al., 2009). Building on this work, Embria Health Sciences, a division of Diamond V, developed the human supplement EpiCor®. EpiCor demonstrated, through human clinical trials, a reduction in symptoms of...
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The avian immune system consists of two components: Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The innate portion of the immune system serves as the bird’s first line of defense against non-specific challenges. The adaptive side defends against more specific challenges that cross the intestinal wall or respiratory barrier and attack the bird systemically. Published reports demonstrate feeding Diamond V Original XPCTM (XPC) has...
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Mycotoxin detection: VICAM builds a stronger and more sustainable future for food
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (CP) infection has been a major cause of losses in broiler production worldwide.
Two trials to test the effect of Diamond V Original XPC™ against CP challenge in broiler chickens were conducted at Southern Poultry Research in Athens, GA with co-authors Charles L. Hofacre, DVM, MAM, Ph.D. (Poultry Diagnostic & Research Center, Department of Veterinary Medicine,...
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Dr. R. Bailey speaks about why farms would be more vulerable to be affected by necrotic enteritis and the first signs of it. He also talks about the measures he would recommend to antibiotic free producers to keep NE at tolerable levels and the challenges that exist regarding future vaccination against necrotic enteritis....
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Skin also known as the Integumentary System is, in fact, the largest organ of the body. It performs many functions that are important in maintaining homeostasis in the body. The skin also protects the body from physical damage and bacterial invasion. It’s one of the first systems that get affected when an animal becomes sick, so it is important for veterinarian to have a sound knowledge of the structure and functioning of the skin. Huge number of...
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Hi everyone, I have a farm with 20,000 laying hens which are 16 weeks of age. Two weeks ago, an outbreak of mycoplasma emerged with high mortality (70-80 birds per day) and now Salmonella has been confirmed by lab with a mortality of 200 birds per day. From your experience, which combination of antibiotic has given you the best results? Antibiogram is underway, but I must start medicating. Thank you ...
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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1 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, USA; 2 Vetanco Argentina S.A. Chile 33 (B1603CMA) Vicente López, Buenos Aires, Argentina; 3 Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Aves, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México; 4 Pacific Vet Group-USA, Inc., Creek...
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San Ching, Research Technical Manager at Amlan International, speaks about his presentation about their product to control and reduce necrotic enteritis problem in poultry...
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Introduction
Colibacillosis, necrotic & hemorrhagic enteritis are some of the infectious diseases affecting digestive system in poultry. Problems may range from severe acute infections with sudden death or high mortality to mild infections of a chronic nature with low morbidity and mortality. Specific & non-specific enteritis is one of the most economically important since it has been shown to impair feed conversion in...
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Introduction Salmonella ranks among the world’s biggest threats to health. In the United States alone, it is responsible for around 580 deaths and an estimated 15,000 hospitalisations each year (WHO, 2005) - and these are just the reported cases. Annually, it has been estimated that cases of human salmonellosis in the United States may actually vary from 2 to 4 million (Jones, 2011). Salmonella is the second most...
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Emerging Infection
About 4-5 years ago there was an increase in the number of chickens in Ontario that were affected by conditions such as arthritis and osteomyelitis (inflammation in the bone marrow). It was discovered that a bacterium called Enterococcus cecorum was the culprit. Such infections with E. cecorum were known from other places in the world, but had remained infrequent in North...
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Effects of soybean meal processing conditions on growth performance and intestinal integrity in coccidia vaccinated broiler chickens
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INTRODUCTION Salmonellae including pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and other infections may cause varieties of clinical signs from acute systemic disease and gastrointestinal symptoms in poultry flocks to embryonic problem in hatchery. With great expansion of the poultry rearing and farming, pullorum disease and fowl typhoid have become wide spread problem in Bangladesh as well as other countries of the world. In recent years, diagnostic...
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I. INTRODUCTION Food borne illness costs Australia an estimated $1.2 billion per year (Hall et al., 2005). The annual report of the OzFoodnet network (2009) reported 9,533 cases of Salmonella infection. Although the eggs produced in Australia are of good quality, the egg industry is often blamed for cases of food poisoning due to Salmonellosis. Salmonellosis can be acquired by the ingestion of raw or undercooked eggs. As well, cross contamination...
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Introduction Salmonellosis is the main collective food-borne disease of human beings, caused by many serotypes of Salmonella enterica. Poultry products and derivatives have been implicated in Salmonella zoonoses in both developed and underdeveloped countries. Pullorum disease with Salmonella Pullorum represented a serious poultry health problem until huge resources were used to limit its expansion, but these efforts allowed the emergence of other...
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Following an EU ban on livestock antibiotics, scientists pave the way for a vaccine to combat a devastating avian disease. The technology could be adapted to fight food poisoning and bioterror. (The report was published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry and in Vaccine .)
A vaccine candidate from the UK could save poultry farmers from a bacterial...
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Necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers – caused by Clostridium perfringens – is largely controlled by in-feed antibiotics in Australia. Alternatives to antibiotics are being sought by industry and must be tested under simulated outbreak conditions. An existing NE challenge model employed at UNE has demonstrated differences between NE intestinal lesion score between unmedicated challenged and unchallenged controls. However, up to 20% NE-related mortality was routinely...
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Poultry CRC researcher, Dr Kapil Chousalkar at The University of Adelaide, has recently commenced a project investigating the dynamics of Salmonella shedding on commercial cage layer farms. Titled Epidemiology of Salmonella on layer farms , this research aims to determine the roles environmental, or bird or egg factors play in the transmission pathways of Salmonella species. “This will answer...
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