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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Antimicrobial or antibiotic resistance is an emotive and often misunderstood topic. It is a subject that many, including governments, academics and consumers, use as a stick to beat our industry with! With this article we hope to give you a clearer picture of some of the issues involved and endeavour to look at the subject from a practical/field point of view rather than a theoretical/academic position.
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Breeding In the U.S., vaccines are the most commonly used approach to eliminating Salmonella in breeder chickens. In the E.U., Denmark, Finland, The Netherlands, and Sweden have taken the approach that if a breeder flock is positive for Salmonella, they slaughter the flock. This is cost preclusive in the U.S. due to the scale of the industry. The E. U. in general use vaccination and/or competitive exclusion as a...
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Performance of broilers fed AGP free diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial under hot climate
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INTRODUCTION FOWL CHOLERA Fowl cholera is a Bacteria disease caused by a gram-negative spore forming bacterium which can affect a wider range of hosts such as Turkeys, Ducks and chicken. This disease also known as Avian pasteurelosis can affect all age grade of chicken but older birds are more susceptible with a higher incidence recorded...
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INTRODUCTION Salmonellosis account for a severe problem of public health both in developing and developed countries and several controlling mechanisms of such pathogen have been applied to poultry production (Cardoso and Carvalho, 2006). The inhibition effect produced by probiotics on the population of pathogenic enterobacteria such as Salmonella through the competitive...
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Introduction
This review seeks to provide an up-to-date view on the diagnosis and prevention of two major bacterial diseases of poultry - fowl cholera and infectious coryza. The review will focus on key issues and recent advances. More detailed and historical data are already covered in a range of standard texts that are widely available e.g. Diseases of Poultry (Blackall and...
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Introduction
For more than two decades, public health authorities throughout the world have reported the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( S. Enteritidis) to consumers of contaminated eggs produced by infected hens (Greig & Ravel, 2009). For example, epidemiological calculations in the United States have attributed more than 100,000 annual illnesses to...
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The review provides an update on the diagnosis and control of two major bacterial diseases of poultry – fowl cholera and infectious coryza. For both diseases, there are now rapid, molecular based diagnostic....
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Introduction Salmonellosis is a globally distributed foodborne disease significant impact on public health. More than 2500 serotypes of Salmonella have been identified (4) and Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Heidelberg are the most prevalent serotypes (9). Salmonella Typhimurium is the second most common serotype responsible for causing human...
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Lost in the Market Uncertainty Caused by the Outbreak
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An independent panel of experts has unified to form the Intestinal Health Scientific Interest Group or IHSIG.
This group has already held several meetings on the topic of necrotic enteritis and dysbiosis. Chairmen of the IHSIG meetings are Prof. Dr. H.M. Hafez (Free University Berlin, Germany) and Prof. Dr. Ir. Filip Van Immerseel (Ghent University, Belgium).
These IHSIG meetings serve as a...
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Introduction
The genus Salmonella spp. is comprised of micro-organisms that are widely spread around the world (Ruiz B et al ., 2006). Approximately 2000 serotypes of Salmonella have been associated with enterocolitis, and Salmonella enterica, subspecies enterica, serovar Typhimurium (ST) and Salmonella enterica, subspecies...
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Introduction
The egg yolk antibodies (IgY) have been successfully applied in the design of diagnostic systems and products for the prevention and treatment of different diseases, both human and veterinary (Chacana et al., 2004, Schade & Chacana, 2007). For example, the IgY technology has been successfully employed in studies for the control of neonatal diarrhea, human dental caries,...
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Part III- Simple strategies to avoid Salmonella outbreaks Salmonella is a pernicious pathogen and eradicating it entirely from the food chain is difficult. Despite our best efforts to eradicate it from the food chain, it can still cause expensive and devastating losses - of productivity and of human life. Yet another case of human salmonellosis has been reported in the US recently,...
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Part II: Antibiotic resistance from farm to fork
When we catch a bug, we visit a doctor and get a dose of something to cure us of it; so why not just blast Salmonella with a dose of antibiotics and let that be the end of it? Simple question: not such a simple answer.
Since they were first discovered in the 1940´s, antibiotics have become the...
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Introduction
For more than two decades, public health authorities throughout the world have reported the transmission of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis ( S. Enteritidis) to consumers of contaminated eggs produced by infected hens (Greig & Ravel, 2009). For example, epidemiological calculations in the United States have attributed more than 100,000 annual illnesses to...
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Performance of broilers fed AGP free diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial under hot climate
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Introduction In Argentina, the egg/egg product industry keeps growing at the rate of 3% per year, while exports are increasing at annual rates of up to 20%. Entre Ríos contributes 21% egg production in the country, and participates with 27% of the eggs that are further processed in Argentina (Irigoyen, 2010). On the other hand, the epidemiological history of Salmonella Enteritidis shows that this...
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Introduction
Pre-slaughter food withdrawal (fasting) is considered an important stage in broiler production, due to the fact that it has an influence in the quality and yield of meat. Such a procedure is performed in order to diminish contamination, because of residue, of the gastrointestinal tract at the slaughter house, avoiding the waste of carcasses, thus, improving production (Duke et...
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