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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Introduction
Brazil is currently regarded as the largest exporter of broiler meat in the world and ranks third worldwide in production of this meat (Brazilian Union of Poultry Farmers, UBA, 2009) and fifth in egg production (Organization of the United Nations for Food and Agriculture, FAO, 2010).
To preserve the Brazilian poultry industry and its high...
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Introduction
The world's poultry industry has grown considerably during the last years as well as the concern for the safety of the food for human consumption derived from the poultry chain. That is why the production countries create stringent legislations, mainly against the presence of agents with zoonotic potential, as for instance bacteria from the Salmonella genus.
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All-in-one mycotoxin extraction method for faster time-to-results - Myco 5-in-1 PLUS
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Introduction
Mycoplasmosis is a disease associated with infections of the respiratory tracts of chickens and turkeys that cause sinusitis, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, aerosaculitis and arthritis (Fatummb, 1984; Kang et al ., 2002; Osorio et al ., 2007).
The disease is primarily associated to a group of microorganisms named Mycoplasma...
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Introduction
Mycoplasma agents are difficult to isolate; this, in many cases, makes diagnosis and proper characterization impossible (Ricci, 2005). In Venezuela, avian mycoplasmosis is generally diagnosed by means of serological methods and, eventually, by PCR, performed in foreign laboratories (Godoy, 1999) . Isolation and genomic characterization in flocks of poultry can be used...
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Introduction
Currently, Brazil occupies a prominent place in the production of broiler chicken and is the third largest producer and the largest exporter of chicken in the world. To achieve this position, it took great efforts to increase productivity and biosecurity on farms, with the aim of satisfying the quality required by both the internal and external markets. Thus, the control of...
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Introduction Transmission of APEC (Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli ) strains through contamination of incubable eggs or embryo infection has been described (Barnes et to the ., 2003). It can happen that, although few chicken are already infected at hatching, the dissemination of the strains takes place through horizontal transmission at the time of hatching, thus infecting a large numbers of chicken from...
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Natural Remedies Standardized Botanical Powder (NRSBP™), a new concept in phytochemicals
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Introduction Faced to the problem of the presence of Salmonella sp. in eggs and its importance in public health, it is necessary to implement effective control measures. Aimed at ensuring the safety of foodstuffs for human consumption (Berchiere, 2000). In this context, we stress the importance of seeking new technologies that bear rapid results with high sensitivity and at low cost for the detection of this...
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Introduction
Research carried out in our laboratory has proven that the oral administration, or the consumption of FM-B11 (FloraMax TM ) are efficient in the treatment of broilers and turkeys infected with Salmonella (Higgins et al., 2008; Higgins et al., 2010; Vicente et al. , 2008). Even though oral via is the most common way of administering...
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Collaborating with producers: Evonik & Al-Estesharia – A Win-Win Partnership
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Introduction
Given that Brazil is world's main poultry meat exporter, importing countries are becoming more and more demanding about sanitary control (Back, 2002). The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in broilers and the probable contamination of carcasses during processing, do present relevant aspects to be considered in terms of animal and public health (Moreno et al ., 2006)....
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Introduction
Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), is responsible for different pathologies in birds, the most outstanding ones are: respiratory chronic disease, onfalitis, salpingitis, septicemia, peritonitis, syndrome of the swollen head, enteritis and cellulites (Gross, 1994). Cellulitis is an acute purulent inflammation affecting subcutaneous tissue (Norton, 1997). The frequent...
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Introduction
Epidemiologic studies regarding the etiology of avian cellulitis, have shown that Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is the main organism found in this pathology (Fallavena, 2000). E. coli has some genes responsible for its pathogenicity, including the iut A and iss genes (Brito et al ., 2003). Besides, several authors state that this...
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Introduction Salmonella have been recognized as leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in the United States. In 2009, The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infections Program (2010) that conducts active, population-based surveillance in 10 U.S. states reported 7,039 cases of Salmonella human foodborne illness....
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Jonathan Cade comments on his new role as Chairman of the U.S. Poultry & Egg Association
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, each year, about 9.4 million people get sick from contaminated food. A new test may detect Salmonella infection in an early stage, allowing prompt action.
The USDA reports the leading cause of bacterial-related food illness in the U.S. is salmonella. About one million Americans get sick from salmonella annually, more than 19,000 are hospitalized and more than 370...
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Broiler integrators around the globe are facing a similar problem - a specific growth retardation around 3-4 th week of age of broiler. This problem occurs so frequently that it is no longer considered as a disease or abnormal phenomena and is often neglected. In some cases it is treated with antibiotics and generally with whatever is readily available. In other cases ordinary acids or herbal products are used. This growth problem is caused by...
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Effect of <i>Cordyceps militaris </i> Hot Water Extract on Immunomodulation-associated Gene Expression in Broilers, Gallus gallus (Extract)
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David Burch from Octagon Services Ltd, UK talks to Engormix.com about his presentation of Revision of the antibiotic activity about Mycoplasma spp and its use in the prevention of vertical transmision in small breeders at the XXI Congreso Latinoamericano Cuba 2009. ...
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New federal regulations require most egg producers to take steps to prevent the spread of Salmonella enteritidis, reports the American Veterinary Medical Association. The FDA rules affect the purchase of chicks and young hens, sanitation in production facilities, testing for the bacteria, and storage of eggs at farms with at least 3,000 laying hens. An FDA announcement states the rules are expected to reduce the number of S enteritidis infections by 60%, preventing about 79,000 cases of...
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Updated Vitamin Requirements Across Species: Microvit® Nutrition Guide
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America's egg farmers are committed to working with the Food and Drug Administration to ensure the egg safety regulations are implemented and the gains in food safety are maintained.
"Egg farmers have practiced the requirements of the new regulations for many years now and have achieved significant success in food safety for our customers," said Gene Gregory, president of United Egg Producers.
As a result of the industry's proactive efforts, consumers have...
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Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found evidence that houseflies collected near broiler poultry operations may contribute to the dispersion of drug-resistant bacteria and thus increase the potential for human exposure to drug-resistant bacteria. The findings demonstrate another potential link between industrial food animal production and exposures to antibiotic resistant pathogens. Previous studies have linked antibiotic use in poultry...
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Bacteria are microscopic living organisms. All bacteria are not detrimental to animal health. In fact, many bacteria are beneficial and necessary for such processes as food digestion, manufacturing of some dairy products, etc. Classification of bacteria into species is done so disease producing organisms may be separated from those that are harmless or beneficial.
Successful control of bacterial diseases entails isolating and identifying disease-producing species, if present, and...
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The data in Figure 1 indicate that there has been a continued steady increase in outbreaks of Mycoplasma in Arkansas poultry in the last few years. In fact, if the trend continues, there will be a record number in Arkansas during 2000. The purpose of this article is to discuss symptoms and effects of the disease in poultry, help poultry producers better recognize the disease and prevent the spread of mycoplasmas to other poultry flocks. ...
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