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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
The effects of Escherichia coli, hen age, and dietary Bio-Mos and Flavomycin were studied to determine their influence on poult performance from 1 to 21 days. Day-of-hatch male turkey poults (British United Turkeys) were orally gavaged (1 ml) with 10 8 CFU/ml E. coli or sterile carrier broth. Within each E. coli treatment group, poults from two different hen ages (33 and 58 weeks of age) were fed diets containing Bio-Mos (2 lb/ton feed) and Flavomycin (2 g active ingredient/ton feed),...
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In a recent survey, it was estimated that the cost of subclinical necrotic enteritis was as high as $0.05 per bird (Van der Sluis, 2000). Using these estimates and 1999 estimates on world broiler meat production, the cost of necrotic enteritis to the poultry industry globally is nearly $2 billion (Anonymous, 2000). Both clinical and subclinical necrotic enteritis is common in all poultry growing areas of the world (Van der Sluis, 2000). The disease was first described by Parish (1961) and...
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Issues concerning vaccine safety are likely to come to the fore as egg producers face increasingly stringent sampling for salmonella following the EU zoonoses directive.
While findings of salmonella in UK commercial layer flocks have been the lowest among EU countries with large poultry populations, some eight per cent still tested positive for Salmonella enteritidis and typhyimurium, the salmonella serotypes most commonly associated with food poisoning in humans.
“Put into perspective,...
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The Health Protection Agency and the Veterinary Laboratories Agency are today hosting a conference to discuss the results of an EU-wide survey of salmonella in laying flocks.
Technical experts from the HPA, VLA, Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (Defra), Food Standards Agency, European Commission and the British Egg Industry Council will attend the meeting at the Centre for Infections in north London.
They will discuss the initial results of the European Food Safety...
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Warnex Inc. announced that its Salmonella test used with the Warnex TM Rapid Pathogen Detection System has been approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Poultry Improvement Plan (NPIP). The objective of the National Poultry Improvement Plan is to provide a cooperative industry-state-federal program through which new technology can be effectively applied to the improvement of poultry and poultry products. The plan consists of a variety of programs...
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Salmonella bacteria, which can cause potentially fatal food poisoning, were detected in more than 26 percent of egg-producing farms surveyed by the Japan Poultry Association (JPA).
Although the figure is on par with the 20-30 percent estimated average in the European Union, questions remain about the infection rate in Japan.
Not only was the JPA's salmonella survey the first conducted on a nationwide scale, it also covered less than 6 percent of the layer farms in the country.
In...
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Texas Tech University researcher Dr. Mindy Brashears has developed a treatment shown to reduce foodborne pathogens such as salmonella and E. coli 0157:H7 in processed beef and poultry.
In a seeming paradox, a mixture of "good" lactic acid bacteria kills "bad" bacteria to reduce foodborne pathogens such as salmonella and E. coli 0157:H7 in processed beef and poultry by as much as 99.99 percent.
The mixture, to be sold under the name Bovamine Meat Cultures, has passed GRAS (generally...
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A new report released today by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) shows measures used to reduce salmonella contamination on layer flock holdings appear to be working.
Vets who tested dust and other material found in poultry houses, as well as bird faeces, in 454 farms in the UK found only 12 per cent to show evidence of contamination. The comparatively low figure is encouraging as it ranks the UK infection rate among the lowest third in Europe. All EU member states were required to...
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Egg producers are likely to face growing demands to control different types of salmonella in their flocks.
"There is increasing political pressure from the EU for better control over five types of salmonella, including Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. In the UK, some major supermarkets, if not actually applying pressure are, shall we say, 'encouraging' vaccination by their suppliers against both S Enteritidis and S Typhimurium," Matthias Mangels, Lohmann Animal Health's...
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Eighty industry experts on food safety met recently in Atlanta, Ga., to be briefed on the current concerns about salmonella in poultry and to discuss intervention strategies. The program looked at the challenges from farm through processing, drawing upon the experiences in both the broiler and turkey industries.
Panelist during the meeting included: Clay Silas, Perdue Farms; Steve Leitch, Jennie-O; Mike Robach, Cargill; Dr. Stan Bailey, USDA-ARS; Dean Danilson, Tyson Foods; and Bob O’Connor,...
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Britons are at risk of food poisoning from cheap imported eggs despite the success of British producers in curbing the threat from salmonella, a conference was told yesterday.
Tom Humphrey, a veterinary professor at Bristol University, warned that a hen vaccination programme that had dramatically cut the bacteria in British poultry could be undermined by lack of proper controls elsewhere in Europe.
Many recent outbreaks of infection in humans had serious implications for public health,...
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A decrease in eggshell quality is a trait that may be used to detect chickens infected with Salmonella, according to recent US research.
ARS (Agricultural Research Service) veterinary medical officer, Jean Guard Bouldin, found an interesting phenomenon - not only was Salmonella present inside chicken eggs, but other bacteria were there also.
Since these bacteria are usually seen in eggs that have been contaminated through cracks in the shell, Bouldin theorized that poor eggshell quality...
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USDA's Food Safety & Inspection Service is making available results of baseline studies it conducted on generic E. coli and salmonella between 1997 and 2000 as a means to assist inspected establishments in assessing their progress on testing to meet performance criteria.
FSIS stressed that publication of the baseline results does not affect the current generic E. coli criteria and salmonella standards listed in FSIS regulations. The regulations require that all inspected meat and poultry...
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A decrease in eggshell quality is a trait that may be used to detect chickens infected with salmonella, according to USDA Agricultural Research Service scientists.
Veterinary medical officer Jean Guard Bouldin, at the ARS Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory in Athens, Ga., found an interesting phenomenon -- not only was salmonella present inside chicken eggs, but other bacteria were there also. Since these bacteria are usually seen in eggs that have been contaminated through cracks in the...
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Javier Ochoa Repáraz defended his PhD thesis at the University of Navarre Faculty of Science on the development of an acellular vaccine aginst Salmonella enteritidis.
This involves a world pandemia considered to be the most importante zoonosis or illness/infection transmissible salmonellosis by animals to humans under natural conditions. It is estimated that the incidence of acute worldwide is more than a thousand million cases per annum and causes three million deaths.
The project...
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Javier Ochoa Repáraz defended his PhD thesis at the University of Navarre Faculty of Science on the development of an acellular vaccine aginst Salmonella enteritidis.
This involves a world pandemia considered to be the most importante zoonosis or illness/infection transmissible salmonellosis by animals to humans under natural conditions. It is estimated that the incidence of acute worldwide is more than a thousand million cases per annum and causes three million deaths.
The project...
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The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) wants a more sophisticated use of vaccines in preventing salmonella in poultrymeat and egg production.
A complex set of guidelines says its usefulness and safety depends on whether disease reduction or eradication is being sought, the type of poultry, production stage, cost-benefit and other issues. One key is ensuring vaccinations are not passed onto humans, lessening their potency....
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The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) has approved FreshFx® antimicrobial solution for On-Line Reprocessing (OLR) of poultry carcasses, giving commercial poultry processors the only non-toxic alternative to noxious chemicals currently being used for OLR, as well as being easy-to-use and extremely cost-effective. The use of FreshFx for OLR significantly reduces Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli) on poultry carcasses when compared to those processed traditionally.
The...
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Egg producers should take steps to ensure that their flocks are protected against salmonella infection right through to the end of lay.
"We have been informed that an EU salmonella survey means that faeces/dust samples will be collected rom flocks approaching the end of production," Matthias Mangels, Lohmann Animal Health's head of vaccine sales, told egg producers in Shropshire.
He said that the industry was doing a good job in controlling salmonella. Human cases of salmonella PT4 (the...
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Egg producers should take steps to ensure that their flocks are protected against salmonella infection right through to the end of lay.
"We have been informed that an EU salmonella survey means that faeces/dust samples will be collected by the State Veterinary Service from flocks approaching the end of production." Matthias Mangels, Lohmann Animal Health's head of vaccine sales, told a meeting of egg producers in Shropshire.
He said that the industry was doing a good job in controlling...
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