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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Introduction
Argentina is the second largest country in the Neotropics and stands out for its great biodiversity, encompassing five Phyto-geographic Areas and the Tropical, Magellan and Antarctic Oceans (Cabrera, 1976). It has a wide variety of wetlands, such as marine coasts, estuaries, Andean-Patagonian Lakes, pampean lagoons, marshes and estuaries, rivers and streams of plains and saline...
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Introduction
Paratyphoid in farm animals is a major problem worldwide, not only because of the direct economic losses caused by mortality of young birds, which varies according to serotype variety involved, and the health state and maternal immunity of birds, but also, primarily by causing a decrease in weight gain and increased health and prevention costs. On the other hand, feces of infected...
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Introduction
Salmonellosis is a disease produced by the enterobacteria of the Salmonella genus. The serovar specific to birds is Salmonella Gallinarum which has two biotypes: S. gallinarum and S. pullorum, described as etiological agents of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease respectively (Colusi et al. , 1984; Shivaprasad, 2003). Salmonella...
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Introduction
Broilers are reared intensively and with a high concentration of birds, for such reason there is some risk of contamination with paratyphoid serovar of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica that quickly spread in all the birds in the infected batch. The processing of chicken at slaughter plants is also very intensive and a few infected chickens can contaminate the...
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Introduction
Brazil is currently regarded as the largest exporter of broiler meat in the world and ranks third worldwide in production of this meat (Brazilian Union of Poultry Farmers, UBA, 2009) and fifth in egg production (Organization of the United Nations for Food and Agriculture, FAO, 2010).
To preserve the Brazilian poultry industry and its high...
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Introduction
The world's poultry industry has grown considerably during the last years as well as the concern for the safety of the food for human consumption derived from the poultry chain. That is why the production countries create stringent legislations, mainly against the presence of agents with zoonotic potential, as for instance bacteria from the Salmonella genus.
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Overview of Performance of Listed Vitamin Companies in 2023
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Introduction
Mycoplasmosis is a disease associated with infections of the respiratory tracts of chickens and turkeys that cause sinusitis, conjunctivitis, ocular discharge, aerosaculitis and arthritis (Fatummb, 1984; Kang et al ., 2002; Osorio et al ., 2007).
The disease is primarily associated to a group of microorganisms named Mycoplasma...
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Introduction
Mycoplasma agents are difficult to isolate; this, in many cases, makes diagnosis and proper characterization impossible (Ricci, 2005). In Venezuela, avian mycoplasmosis is generally diagnosed by means of serological methods and, eventually, by PCR, performed in foreign laboratories (Godoy, 1999) . Isolation and genomic characterization in flocks of poultry can be used...
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Performance of broilers fed AGP free diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial under hot climate
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Introduction
Currently, Brazil occupies a prominent place in the production of broiler chicken and is the third largest producer and the largest exporter of chicken in the world. To achieve this position, it took great efforts to increase productivity and biosecurity on farms, with the aim of satisfying the quality required by both the internal and external markets. Thus, the control of...
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Introduction Transmission of APEC (Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli ) strains through contamination of incubable eggs or embryo infection has been described (Barnes et to the ., 2003). It can happen that, although few chicken are already infected at hatching, the dissemination of the strains takes place through horizontal transmission at the time of hatching, thus infecting a large numbers of chicken from...
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Effectiveness of Bacillus licheniformis-Fermented Products and Their Derived Antimicrobial Lipopeptides in Controlling Coccidiosis in Broilers (Extract)
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Introduction Faced to the problem of the presence of Salmonella sp. in eggs and its importance in public health, it is necessary to implement effective control measures. Aimed at ensuring the safety of foodstuffs for human consumption (Berchiere, 2000). In this context, we stress the importance of seeking new technologies that bear rapid results with high sensitivity and at low cost for the detection of this...
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Introduction
Research carried out in our laboratory has proven that the oral administration, or the consumption of FM-B11 (FloraMax TM ) are efficient in the treatment of broilers and turkeys infected with Salmonella (Higgins et al., 2008; Higgins et al., 2010; Vicente et al. , 2008). Even though oral via is the most common way of administering...
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Innovative Directions in Aflatoxin Testing Point to Measureable Gains in Quality Of Lab Data
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Introduction
Given that Brazil is world's main poultry meat exporter, importing countries are becoming more and more demanding about sanitary control (Back, 2002). The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in broilers and the probable contamination of carcasses during processing, do present relevant aspects to be considered in terms of animal and public health (Moreno et al ., 2006)....
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Introduction
Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), is responsible for different pathologies in birds, the most outstanding ones are: respiratory chronic disease, onfalitis, salpingitis, septicemia, peritonitis, syndrome of the swollen head, enteritis and cellulites (Gross, 1994). Cellulitis is an acute purulent inflammation affecting subcutaneous tissue (Norton, 1997). The frequent...
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Introduction
Epidemiologic studies regarding the etiology of avian cellulitis, have shown that Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is the main organism found in this pathology (Fallavena, 2000). E. coli has some genes responsible for its pathogenicity, including the iut A and iss genes (Brito et al ., 2003). Besides, several authors state that this...
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Introduction Salmonella have been recognized as leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in the United States. In 2009, The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infections Program (2010) that conducts active, population-based surveillance in 10 U.S. states reported 7,039 cases of Salmonella human foodborne illness....
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, each year, about 9.4 million people get sick from contaminated food. A new test may detect Salmonella infection in an early stage, allowing prompt action.
The USDA reports the leading cause of bacterial-related food illness in the U.S. is salmonella. About one million Americans get sick from salmonella annually, more than 19,000 are hospitalized and more than 370...
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Broiler integrators around the globe are facing a similar problem - a specific growth retardation around 3-4 th week of age of broiler. This problem occurs so frequently that it is no longer considered as a disease or abnormal phenomena and is often neglected. In some cases it is treated with antibiotics and generally with whatever is readily available. In other cases ordinary acids or herbal products are used. This growth problem is caused by...
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David Burch from Octagon Services Ltd, UK talks to Engormix.com about his presentation of Revision of the antibiotic activity about Mycoplasma spp and its use in the prevention of vertical transmision in small breeders at the XXI Congreso Latinoamericano Cuba 2009. ...
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New federal regulations require most egg producers to take steps to prevent the spread of Salmonella enteritidis, reports the American Veterinary Medical Association. The FDA rules affect the purchase of chicks and young hens, sanitation in production facilities, testing for the bacteria, and storage of eggs at farms with at least 3,000 laying hens. An FDA announcement states the rules are expected to reduce the number of S enteritidis infections by 60%, preventing about 79,000 cases of...
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