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Bacterial diseases in poultry
Bacterial diseases comprise approximately half of the non–outbreak-related mortality in broiler breeders and commercial layers. During the first week of a broiler's life, approximately 50% of the mortality may be caused due to bacterial infections. Outbreaks due to bacterial infections may increase the mortality dramatically and in some cases almost eradicate flocks. E. coli and Gram-positive cocci infections are responsible for mortality and production losses in poultry of all age groups and all production systems and may be regarded as multifactorial. Subsequently, efforts in understanding and controlling these infections are highly important. Although necrotic enteritis is primarily a disease affecting young chickens, this infection is of major significance in any production system. Besides increased mortality, the production losses observed in subclinical infections may be dramatic.
Introduction
Research carried out in our laboratory has proven that the oral administration, or the consumption of FM-B11 (FloraMax TM ) are efficient in the treatment of broilers and turkeys infected with Salmonella (Higgins et al., 2008; Higgins et al., 2010; Vicente et al. , 2008). Even though oral via is the most common way of administering...
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Introduction
Given that Brazil is world's main poultry meat exporter, importing countries are becoming more and more demanding about sanitary control (Back, 2002). The presence of pathogenic microorganisms in broilers and the probable contamination of carcasses during processing, do present relevant aspects to be considered in terms of animal and public health (Moreno et al ., 2006)....
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Introduction
Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), is responsible for different pathologies in birds, the most outstanding ones are: respiratory chronic disease, onfalitis, salpingitis, septicemia, peritonitis, syndrome of the swollen head, enteritis and cellulites (Gross, 1994). Cellulitis is an acute purulent inflammation affecting subcutaneous tissue (Norton, 1997). The frequent...
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Introduction
Epidemiologic studies regarding the etiology of avian cellulitis, have shown that Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is the main organism found in this pathology (Fallavena, 2000). E. coli has some genes responsible for its pathogenicity, including the iut A and iss genes (Brito et al ., 2003). Besides, several authors state that this...
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Introduction Salmonella have been recognized as leading bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in the United States. In 2009, The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Emerging Infections Program (2010) that conducts active, population-based surveillance in 10 U.S. states reported 7,039 cases of Salmonella human foodborne illness....
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates, each year, about 9.4 million people get sick from contaminated food. A new test may detect Salmonella infection in an early stage, allowing prompt action.
The USDA reports the leading cause of bacterial-related food illness in the U.S. is salmonella. About one million Americans get sick from salmonella annually, more than 19,000 are hospitalized and more than 370...
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The results of a new study from researchers in Belgium suggest that any shift from conventional to alternative housing systems for laying hens should be accompanied by a keen concern for optimizing and maintaining Salmonella surveillance programs, due to an increased risk of bird-to-bird transmission and internal egg contamination in some non-traditional housing systems.
The study, "Effect of Housing on Transmission of...
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Broiler integrators around the globe are facing a similar problem - a specific growth retardation around 3-4 th week of age of broiler. This problem occurs so frequently that it is no longer considered as a disease or abnormal phenomena and is often neglected. In some cases it is treated with antibiotics and generally with whatever is readily available. In other cases ordinary acids or herbal products are used. This growth problem is caused by...
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David Burch from Octagon Services Ltd, UK talks to Engormix.com about his presentation of Revision of the antibiotic activity about Mycoplasma spp and its use in the prevention of vertical transmision in small breeders at the XXI Congreso Latinoamericano Cuba 2009. ...
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New federal regulations require most egg producers to take steps to prevent the spread of Salmonella enteritidis, reports the American Veterinary Medical Association. The FDA rules affect the purchase of chicks and young hens, sanitation in production facilities, testing for the bacteria, and storage of eggs at farms with at least 3,000 laying hens. An FDA announcement states the rules are expected to reduce the number of S enteritidis infections by 60%, preventing about 79,000 cases of...
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America's egg farmers are committed to working with the Food and Drug Administration to ensure the egg safety regulations are implemented and the gains in food safety are maintained.
"Egg farmers have practiced the requirements of the new regulations for many years now and have achieved significant success in food safety for our customers," said Gene Gregory, president of United Egg Producers.
As a result of the industry's proactive efforts, consumers have...
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Meriden Animal Health Limited is pleased to appoint International Poultry Consulting Office (IPCO), as its sole distributor for the range of Meriden products in Yemen. IPCO was represented by its Director, Dr. Turqi Sarakbi, who is also a poultry pathologist and expert. According to Mr. William Stewart, Regional Sales Manager of Meriden Animal Health Limited (UK), Dr. Turqi has already been actively promoting its core product, Orego- Stim® to all...
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Researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health found evidence that houseflies collected near broiler poultry operations may contribute to the dispersion of drug-resistant bacteria and thus increase the potential for human exposure to drug-resistant bacteria. The findings demonstrate another potential link between industrial food animal production and exposures to antibiotic resistant pathogens. Previous studies have linked antibiotic use in poultry...
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Bacteria are microscopic living organisms. All bacteria are not detrimental to animal health. In fact, many bacteria are beneficial and necessary for such processes as food digestion, manufacturing of some dairy products, etc. Classification of bacteria into species is done so disease producing organisms may be separated from those that are harmless or beneficial.
Successful control of bacterial diseases entails isolating and identifying disease-producing species, if present, and...
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The data in Figure 1 indicate that there has been a continued steady increase in outbreaks of Mycoplasma in Arkansas poultry in the last few years. In fact, if the trend continues, there will be a record number in Arkansas during 2000. The purpose of this article is to discuss symptoms and effects of the disease in poultry, help poultry producers better recognize the disease and prevent the spread of mycoplasmas to other poultry flocks. ...
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Mycoplasmosis is a contagious disease in game birds and poultry caused by a bacteria-like organism. The specific Mycoplasmas of concern to backyard flocks include Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). These organisms have the ability to infect many different avian species including chickens, turkeys, quail, pheasant, and even certain wild birds. Just one infected bird brought onto the premises could potentially infect certain other types of...
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Two studies, which were conducted to study the effect of pre-slaughter events on the overall prevalence of Salmonella spp. in turkeys, demonstrate that preslaughter practices (feed withdrawal, catching, loading, transportation, and holding) do not significantly affect the prevalence of Salmonella in market-age turkeys. This contrasts with the increase in Salmonella prevalence reported for hogs and broilers. ...
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Feed borne antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) have been fed to livestock in the US and other countries for about 50 years to improve growth performance. Early indications of improved performance in poultry were reported by Moore et al. (1946). However, most of the AGP labels list no specific claims to control disease. Debate over the generation of antibiotic resistance among bacteria such as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and Salmonella has generated the...
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Red mites could be a potential source of salmonella transmission between birds and flocks, according to one biosecurity expert. "While it is well known that mites can transmit diseases such as fowl cholera, fowl typhoid and the chicken pox virus the fact they feed by sucking blood means they can also theoretically transmit salmonella through contaminated blood," explained Kiotechagil's Mike Rogers. Mites, both the red mite and the northern fowl mite have long been...
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The small intestine employs the bird’s own enzymes to effect digestion then rapidly captures resulting nutrients at its expansive surface. Small intestinal recovery is heavily dependent on convection driven by motility to minimize microbial use. Conversely, the large intestine subsequently employs an extensive symbiotic microbial population to finalize nutrient recovery before voiding waste. Motility in the large intestine is largely involved in segregating fiber sensitive to...
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