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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
I would like to open this topic to every fellow to comment and suggest improvement in evaluating economic loss inflicted by different HPAI types. Pakistan is one of the country adapting strain specific vaccination against Influenza viruses in chicken production operations. Moreover role of migrating birds is also due to be discussed in detail. I am here to share experience of Pakistan. I would request to open a specific portal for influenza to share the news in...
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Travis Schaal, GP and Technical Manager at Hy-Line, spoke about avian influenza, his experience during an outbreak and recommendations to prevent this disease. His lecture took place during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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The A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza pandemic and, most recently, the A(H3N2) variant outbreak in several areas of the USA are examples of swine influenza viruses infecting humans. These cases highlight the need for reliable and rapid diagnostic tests to elucidate the epidemiology and evolution of swine influenza viruses (Smith and others 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012a, b, c). Currently, there are numerous commercial kits based on...
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On 27 July 2015, Germany’s veterinary authorities notified the European Commission via an ADNS and OIE announcement that a highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N7 had broken out in a poultry flock of 14,104 layer hens in Herzlake Municipality, in the rural district of Emsland, Lower Saxony (see the flags on the map below).
An egg-laying decline, reduced food intake and a higher mortality rate were observed on 24 July. For these reasons, samples were taken to be analysed for...
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Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI serotype H5N2) appear to be slowing. Higher seasonal temperatures are helping, along with growth of vegetation – corn and soybeans growing in fields around poultry houses – which helps to reduce movement of dust carrying virus particles. However, during summer, migratory waterfowl flyways intermingle in the Arctic, so with the coming of...
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Wenjun Ma, assistant professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology at Kansas State University, left, and Jürgen Richt, Regents distinguished professor of veterinary medicine and director of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, have developed vaccines for H5N1 and H7N9, two emerging strains of avian influenza. The strains are zoonotic and can be transmitted from chickens to pigs and...
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Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” poses a continuing threat to birds, animals, and people throughout the world. In December 2014, the presence of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 virus in both domestic and wild birds was confirmed in Washington State. Since then, the virus has been found in wild birds in California, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and Oregon.
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BACKGROUND Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and they affect a wide variety of animal species, man and even marine mammals. The nomenclature of influenza viruses is subtyped based on the surface glycoproteins antigens, Haemagglutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N) where there are 16 subtypes of H and 9 subtypes of N. Most combinations of these subtypes have been identified in domestic...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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With the recent detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) in commercial turkey flocks in several states, this newsletter is being provided to answer questions regarding this disease. Since December 2014 there have been reports of Avian Influenza in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and most recently Kansas. The virus was first detected in wildlife and backyard flocks. Thus far it has been diagnosed...
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Journal of Immunological Methods 405 (2014) 167–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2014.02.004 0022-1759 Crown Copyright © 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Immunological Methods journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jim Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license Abstract ...
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ScreenFloX® – the easy digital solution for pathogen monitoring of poultry flocks | Evonik
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I faced many cases regarding outbreak of LPAI, in cox'sbazar region of Bangladesh, morbidity, mortality rate, some flock recovered, some flock re-infected few days(varies) interval,even month, some farmers confused with ND, even we the veterinarian also. I think it is unpredictable. Any time the disease might be very very harmful for public health & also in the industry. In my area, may be the whole country, individual farmer made decision wonself, they try...
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In previous articles, we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds , vaccination , ...
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Germany has become the first European country to report an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza caused by an A(H5N8) virus genetically similar to one spreading in the Republic of Korea since January. The virus causes high mortality in poultry. The route of introduction into Germany remains unclear, but the long-distance spread...
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In previous articles we overviewed different approaches for control of avian influenza in poultry including culling of infected birds , vaccination , ...
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Historical background
So far, the use of mass vaccination as an option for the control of avian influenza (AI) in poultry was not applied in the field until1995. During the outbreak of HPAI H5N2 in 1994-1995, Mexico applied large-scale vaccination campaign using inactivated homologous H5N2 vaccines [18, 31]. Also, Pakistan used inactivated H7N1 vaccines to control HPAI H7N1 outbreaks in 1995 [37-39]....
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Avian influenza virus (AIV) is RNA virus belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae. In birds, there are 16 HA and 9 NA subtypes with possible combination of 144 HA-NA subtypes (e.g. H1N1, H5N1, H7N7, H9N2, etc.). According to their pathogenicity in chickens, only some strains of H5 and H7 subtypes are able to produce mass morbidity and mortality and thus are classified as highly pathogenic AIV (HPAIV). Meanwhile, other AIV subtypes including H5 and H7 are...
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Infectious diseases of poultry are mostly associated with severe economic losses. Many of these diseases once re-emerging or introduced into a geographic area can explode into an epidemic and may have a significant negative effect on international trade. Beside general control approaches like biosecurity, improvement of rearing management, monitoring, and vaccination several governmental measures on control of poultry diseases were adopted in European...
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Introduction
Avian influenza virus (AIV) infections can be a devastating viral disease causing enormous losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Since the re-emergence of the H5N1 subtype of AIV in 2003 in Asia, Africa, the Pacific Region, Europe and the Middle East, the H5N1 virus has become endemic in some countries and continues to cause outbreaks in poultry. More importantly, it is now causing sporadic...
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1 National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 246-Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt 2 Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Koenigsweg 63, Berlin, 14163, Germany 3 Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich Loeffler Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology, Suedufer 10, Greifswald, 17493, Germany Virology...
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1 Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria 2 Animal Virus Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria 3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Nigeria 4 Department of Animal Science, Faculty...
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