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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
Introduction In June 2012, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, subtype H7N3, was identified as the cause of a severe disease outbreak in commercial layer farms in the Western State of Jalisco. Approximately 22.4 million birds died due to the infection or to the preventive stamping out of neighboring farms. 6 On July 26, 2012, a national vaccination...
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In previous articles we overviewed culling of infected birds and vaccination as common intervention strategy against avian influenza in poultry.
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The genus influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, representing viruses that have a single-strand, negative sense, and segmented RNA genome. RNA virus replication is characterized by high mutation rates, short generation time, and high progeny yields. In addition to mutations introduced by their errorprone polymerases without proofreading capacity, influenza viruses generate genomic variations by homologous...
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In the world, many experts told about H9N2 spread many country... That is any correlation IB infection and H9N2 for production of eggs going down... Any comment? ...
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1. Introduction Since 1990's, there has been a significant increase in the number of highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza (AI) outbreaks and also in the number of birds involved in those outbreaks [1,2]. The most notable of these recent HPAI outbreaks is a series of H5N1 outbreaks started in China and Hong Kong since 1996, which then spread to other parts of the world including South-East Asia, the Middle East, Europe...
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Background Avian Influenza (AI) virus belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family, Influenzavirus A genus. This virus possesses eight segments of single-stranded RNA genome. Two of these segments encode for two important membrane glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) [1], that play a key role during cellular infection. These two proteins are used for virus subtype...
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Q: What are the essential measures to prevent avian influenza? A: For most farming situations, the best way is to improve biosecurity on the farm, so that it is practiced every day....
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Erica Spackman (Exotic & Emerging Avian Viral Diseases Research, USDA) talked about prevention of the disease, biosecurity, and diagnosis, during IPPE 2017 in Atlanta, USA....
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Julian Madeley, Director General of the International Egg Commission, gave a global overview of the disease and the work of IEC Avian Influenza Global Expert Group, during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Ben Dellaert, Director of Avined and Chairman of the International Egg Commission, talked about disease control in the Netherlands and a case of outbreak of AI, during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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Travis Schaal, GP and Technical Manager at Hy-Line, spoke to us during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Schaal explained how biosecurity and cooperation between countries can help avoid the terrible consequences of this disease to the poultry industry....
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I would like to open this topic to every fellow to comment and suggest improvement in evaluating economic loss inflicted by different HPAI types. Pakistan is one of the country adapting strain specific vaccination against Influenza viruses in chicken production operations. Moreover role of migrating birds is also due to be discussed in detail. I am here to share experience of Pakistan. I would request to open a specific portal for influenza to share the news in...
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Srinivasa Farms and Hy-Line: Pioneering Growth in India’s Poultry Market
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Travis Schaal, GP and Technical Manager at Hy-Line, spoke about avian influenza, his experience during an outbreak and recommendations to prevent this disease. His lecture took place during the Poultry and Egg Summit Latin America VIV 2016 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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The A (H1N1) pdm09 influenza pandemic and, most recently, the A(H3N2) variant outbreak in several areas of the USA are examples of swine influenza viruses infecting humans. These cases highlight the need for reliable and rapid diagnostic tests to elucidate the epidemiology and evolution of swine influenza viruses (Smith and others 2009, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2012a, b, c). Currently, there are numerous commercial kits based on...
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On 27 July 2015, Germany’s veterinary authorities notified the European Commission via an ADNS and OIE announcement that a highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N7 had broken out in a poultry flock of 14,104 layer hens in Herzlake Municipality, in the rural district of Emsland, Lower Saxony (see the flags on the map below).
An egg-laying decline, reduced food intake and a higher mortality rate were observed on 24 July. For these reasons, samples were taken to be analysed for...
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Outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI serotype H5N2) appear to be slowing. Higher seasonal temperatures are helping, along with growth of vegetation – corn and soybeans growing in fields around poultry houses – which helps to reduce movement of dust carrying virus particles. However, during summer, migratory waterfowl flyways intermingle in the Arctic, so with the coming of...
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Wenjun Ma, assistant professor of diagnostic medicine and pathobiology at Kansas State University, left, and Jürgen Richt, Regents distinguished professor of veterinary medicine and director of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security's Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases, have developed vaccines for H5N1 and H7N9, two emerging strains of avian influenza. The strains are zoonotic and can be transmitted from chickens to pigs and...
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Avian influenza, or “bird flu,” poses a continuing threat to birds, animals, and people throughout the world. In December 2014, the presence of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 virus in both domestic and wild birds was confirmed in Washington State. Since then, the virus has been found in wild birds in California, Idaho, Utah, Nevada, and Oregon.
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BACKGROUND Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae and they affect a wide variety of animal species, man and even marine mammals. The nomenclature of influenza viruses is subtyped based on the surface glycoproteins antigens, Haemagglutin (H) and Neuraminidase (N) where there are 16 subtypes of H and 9 subtypes of N. Most combinations of these subtypes have been identified in domestic...
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With the recent detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (AI) in commercial turkey flocks in several states, this newsletter is being provided to answer questions regarding this disease. Since December 2014 there have been reports of Avian Influenza in Oregon, Washington, Idaho, California, Minnesota, Missouri, Arkansas and most recently Kansas. The virus was first detected in wildlife and backyard flocks. Thus far it has been diagnosed...
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