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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
Introduction Hazara region, an area of 17000 sq km, is northeastern region of KP, Pakistan comprises five districts. Over four million broiler breeder stock is annually reared in this region, in addition to 2.5 million broilers, 0.5 million commercial layers and 3.00 million rural poultry. This region is also rich in wild fauna and also lies on the route of migratory birds specially the ducks, coming from...
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1 National Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, P.O. Box 246, Giza 12618, Egypt 2 Institute of Poultry Diseases, Free University of Berlin, Koenigsweg 63-14163, Berlin, Germany 3 Current address: Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Friedrich Loeffler Institute – Institute of Molecular Biology,...
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Summary: Biosecurity is one of the tools used for the epidemiology control of the main poultry diseases, including Avian Influenza. The term "biosecurity" includes the set of measures and husbandry practices taken to prevent the introduction, replication and spread of infectious agents in a farm, flock or poultry operation, and its purpose is to reduce the risk of infection or disease. Before defining and establishing which these measures are,...
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Avian influenza (AI) is a significant disease of many bird species, and some subtypes represent a threat to humans. Low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza viruses (AIV) are known to circulate in wild birds, and recently the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic (HP) AIVs have also been found in wild birds (1,2). This wild bird reservoir presents an ongoing threat of AIV introduction into domestic poultry flocks. As a result of the recent emergence of Asian H5N1 viruses that...
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Disease surveillance is supported by USAID's Emerging Pandemic Threats programme
FAO recently launched projects in four Asian countries to step up defenses against influenza by moving beyond a focus on domestic poultry to instead address a range of threats posed by the ever closer mingling of humans, wild...
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INTRODUCTION
Over time the Avian Influenza virus (AIV) has shown to be a constant threat to rural livelihoods, avian production and human health, because it mutates very frequently and has a constant genetic movement. The recent events with different subtypes of Influenza virus like H5N1 or HINI pandemic in Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa illustrate this (2). ...
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Daniel R. Perez, PhD. Associate Professor of the University of Maryland, USA speaks about avian flu viruses transfer to human flu at the XXII Latin American Poultry Congress in Buenos Aires, Argentina. ...
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Avian influenza viruses do not thrive in humans because the temperature inside a person's nose is too low, according to research published today in the journal PLoS Pathogens . The authors of the study, from Imperial College London and the University of North Carolina, say this may be one of the reasons why bird flu viruses do not cause pandemics in humans easily.
There are 16 subtypes of avian influenza and some can mutate into forms that can infect humans,...
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Mycotoxins semiannual survey of mycotoxin in feed in 2023 Taiwan - Second Half
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This document consolidates pre-existing WHO guidance on protection of individuals engaged in activities involving high contact with poultry or wild birds confirmed or highly suspected of being infected with avian influenza H5N1 virus. High-contact activities include handling, collecting, transporting, culling, and disposal of birds, and cleaning/disinfection of contaminated areas.
All individuals involved in these activities should:
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Scientists have identified a small family of lab-made proteins that neutralize a broad range of influenza A viruses, including the H5N1 avian virus, the 1918 pandemic influenza virus and seasonal H1N1 flu viruses. These human monoclonal antibodies, identical infection-fighting proteins derived from the same cell lineage, also were found to protect mice from illness caused by H5N1 and other influenza A viruses. Because large quantities of monoclonal antibodies can be made relatively quickly,...
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Scientists are looking at a novel strategy to prevent the spread of pandemic avian influenza. They have developed a vaccine that protects ducks, a known natural reservoir for the virus. They reported their findings in the November 2008 issue of the Journal of Virology
Waterfowl are considered to be the natural reservoir of influenza A viruses due to the isolation of all subtypes from these hosts. Current research indicates that influenza A viruses are continuously evolving...
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What is avian influenza? Influenza is an ancient disease that has plagued humans throughout recorded history. There are three types of influenza virus, A, B and C (CDC, 2005b). All three types of influenza have been found circulating in the human population. However, influenza type A is the influenza virus that mainly infects wild birds. Avian influenza occurs naturally in the intestines of wild birds worldwide, and although most wild birds are asymptomatic, bird flu is very...
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India culled more than 524,000 birds in West Bengal and Assam states to contain an outbreak of avian flu among poultry, the government said.
About 290 health workers are conducting house-to-house inspections in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, where 41,906 birds have been culled so far, according to an e-mailed statement from New Delhi. The government confirmed an outbreak of the flu in the district on Jan. 6.
In the northeastern state of Assam, avian flu has spread to...
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A new University of Colorado at Boulder study shows the resistance of the avian flu virus to a major class of antiviral drugs is increasing through positive evolutionary selection, with researchers documenting the trend in more than 30 percent of the samples tested. The avian flu, an Influenza A subtype dubbed H5N1, is evolving a resistance to a group of antiviral drugs known as adamantanes, one of two classes of antiviral drugs used to prevent and treat flu symptoms, said...
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Outbreaks of a highly pathogenic avian influenza in Southeast Asia and the transmission of this disease to a few humans there have resulted in a great deal of coverage by the media. Avian influenza is a serious respiratory disease of poultry caused by a virus. Although it is a disease that all poultry producing countries should be concerned about, it is a long way from being a serious health threat for humans. The following are some facts regarding this disease of...
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Wild migratory birds appear to be important carriers of avian influenza viruses from continent to continent, according to new research that scientists say has important implications for highly pathogenic avian influenza virus surveillance in North America. Migratory bird species, including many waterfowl and shorebirds, that frequently carry low pathogenic avian influenza and migrate between continents may carry Asian strains of the virus along their migratory pathways to North America....
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Background and History: Avian Influenza is a disease that can cause extremely high mortality in poultry. Outbreaks have cost the industry many millions to eradicate and the 1994-95 outbreak in Mexico that is still a problem in certain areas of that country. Costs can be devastating to producers since entire flocks can die in only a few hours after infection with a highly virulent strain of Avian Influenza. The costs associated with Avian...
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A Poultry CRC researcher based at the Australian Centre for Poultry Immunogenomics is using emerging biotechnologies to detect avian influenza across a range of bird species. Viral diseases such as avian influenza infect the cells of a bird and, using the machinery of the cell, create multiple copies of the virus which are set free as the cell bursts and dies. To do this, the virus takes control of the cells’ genes and alters the way in which...
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