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Antimicrobials in poultry
Antimicrobial agents are essential tools for treating and controlling bacterial infections in poultry production. Veterinarians have a huge responsibility when using antimicrobials in poultry producing meat and eggs for human consumption. The term ‘judicious use’ of antimicrobials implies the optimal selection of drug, dose and duration of antimicrobial treatment, along with a reduction in inappropriate and excessive use as a means of slowing the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The proper use of antimicrobials depends on the knowledge of interrelationships between bacteria, antimicrobial, host and consumer. The antimicrobial groups most commonly used in poultry are the betalactams, polypeptides, aminoglycosides and aminocyclitols, macrolides and lincosamides, florfenicol, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, quinolones and fluoroquinolones and ionophores.
Introduction The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of humans and animals is populated with a diverse group of microbes known as the microbiota that include bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, with bacteria being the most predominant [1, 2]. The bacterial microbiota is well known to be critically involved in host physiology and immune development [1, 2]; however, the role of the fungal community, known as the mycobiota, that plays in health and diseases is less studied and...
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Campylobacter spp . is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne gastroenteritis having zoonotic importance, and the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Campylobacter spp. is of particular concern to public health. These potential AMR Campylobacter spp . could be transferred to humans through animal food, particularly chickens (Reddy and Zishiri, 2017). The present study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of AMR Campylobacter spp . and their antibiotic...
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Sometimes chicken flocks resulted in less livability and body weight at seven days of age than other ones without knowing the reason. Besides, this reduced performance at an early age has a carryover effect until the market age. What was the cause? Probably, the lower broiler performance is mostly related to the quality of the chicks that arrive at the farms. Indeed, the broiler breeders, incubation process, or in-ovo feeding impact on chick quality. The eggshell temperature, brooding...
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INTRODUCTION Early bacterial colonization of the intestine can alter its morphology, physiology, and susceptibility to infectious diseases (Diaz-Carrasco et al., 2019). The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in the development and maturation of the gut and its lymphoid structures, and in the function of immune system cells (Hooper et al., 2012; Maki et al., 2019). Initial interactions between commensal bacteria and the host immune system can shape microbiota...
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Chris Morrow (Bioproperties) discusses antimicrobial resistance, as well as prevention of mycoplasma, and the need for continuous change in poultry production....
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Supplemental dietary methionine sources have a neutral impact on oxidative status in broiler chickens
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I have a doubt upon azithromycin use in poultry, that is as we know the half life of azithromycin is min 3days so should we consider the same half life in case of bird?or do we need to administer it like as it says on product 3-4days through water? anyone with good suggestion will be very helpful. ...
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1. Introduction Antimicrobials are routinely used to treat clinical livestock diseases, as well as to control common disease events, or even as animal growth promoters [1]. Though the latter use is not allowed in many countries worldwide, in some still continue using them for prophylaxis and as growth promoters’ purposes [2,3]. Tetracyclines and sulfonamides are some of the most frequently used antimicrobial classes in animal production throughout the world [4]....
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During COVID19 pandemic period, people all over the globe have understood the importance of protein consumption to boost up their immunity. Chicken meat and eggs provide a rich source of protein and known for the high digestible values which contains vitamins and minerals needed for improving overall health and immunity. It is estimated that 25% of the world's meat supply is derived from poultry, i.e. chicken, turkey, duck, geese, domesticated quail, etc. and increasing trend...
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Introduction Poultry producers attempt to control infectious diseases through a variety of means, including appropriate farm management practices and breeding genetically resistant lines (Sartika et al. 2011; Scott et al. 2018). Unfortunately, existing farming conditions favour increased chicken densities in poultry houses, increasing the risk of spreading entero-pathogens such as Salmonella and Clostridium spp. (FAO 2013). For over half a century, veterinarians and poultry...
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There is increasing pressure for the use of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) in poultry diets to be discontinued or reduced. In this context, the search for natural additives such as organic acids (OA) and essential oils (EO) has increased. Previous studies have reported beneficial effects on gut health of supplementing poultry diets with these natural feed additives. As in many countries the use of AGP is still allowed and the adoption of programs combining the effects of AGPs with feed...
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Introduction The immune system of poultry is typically divided into innate responses and adaptive responses, and reviews of the avian immune system can be found elsewhere (Korver, 2012; Kogut, et al., 2020). Briefly, the innate response includes non-specific mechanisms of exclusion such as the skin and mucosal surfaces of the digestive tract, lungs and other organ systems with exposure to the outside world. Thus, one of the primary means of...
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This study was done to investigate the viability of using organic acids as alternative replacement to antibiotics as in feed growth promoters and for use in managing broiler chickens in poultry farms around Nairobi in Kenya. The first part of this study was a survey and second part consisted of two feeding trials. The survey was conducted in the environs of Nairobi to determine the extent of antibiotic usage as a therapeutic agent and as a growth promoter....
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Introduction Antimicrobial additives have been used since the 1950s and are an important alternative to allow adequate productivity for animals raised under increasingly intensive conditions. As a consequence of the widespread use and results of AGP in livestock production, there is interest in the study of these additives by meet industry and the academic community. A total of 68.200 publications are presented as results when using the words “broiler” and...
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There are two schools of thoughts for treating a flock affected by viral diseases like IB, AI, ND & IBD. Some say we should immediately use antibiotic to counter any secondary bacterial infection in the process. And some say we should give just supportive & symptomatic therapy to flock in case of viral infection i.e bronchodilator, antipyretic, antioxidants/immunity modulators & liver tonics. I would like an opinion of some senior vets on this issue. ...
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Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), is one of the biggest threats to food safety and considered a One-Health issue with the potential of spreading to other countries since resistant pathogens do not recognize boundaries [1, 2]. Recently, we have shown the transmission of AMR E. coli among chickens, humans, and the poultry environment [3, 4]. Globally, antimicrobial agents are used in food animal production to ensure good health and productivity of the animals [5–7]....
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I. INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered one of the biggest threats to human and animal health today (Australian Government, 2015; O’Neill 2016) and all users of antimicrobial agents have a responsibility to ensure that these agents are only used when necessary.
The Australian poultry industry takes the issue of AMR very seriously and has a long history of developing and introducing initiatives to enhance infection prevention and...
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Thanks to our excellent speakers Prof. Dr. Richard Ducatelle from Ghent University and Dr. Juha Apajalahti from Research Centre Alimetrics the webinar organized on the 20th of April has proved a success. We’ve learnt a lot about the...
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