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Amino acids in swine nutrition
Amino acids, normally supplied by dietary protein, are required for maintenance, muscle growth, development of fetuses and supporting tissues in gestating sows, and milk production in lactating sows. Of the 22 amino acids, 12 are synthesized by the animal; the other 10 must be provided in the diet for normal growth.
The amino acids that make up proteins are conventionally classified as essential or non-essential. Essential or indispensable amino acids are not synthesized by the pig and must be supplied in the diet, whereas non-essential or dispensable amino acids are synthesized by the pig using nitrogen provided by proteins in the diet. Some amino acids are conditionally essential, amino acids with greater demand than synthesis under some conditions, i.e. depending on stage of growth, productive function, or dietary composition.
The 10 essential amino acids for pigs are: lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, histidine and phenylalanine. Dietary supply of protein must be sufficient to provide all the essential amino acids and the nitrogen required for synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
The amino acids of greatest practical importance in diet formulation (ie, those most likely to be at deficient levels) are lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine. Corn, the basic grain in most swine diets, is markedly deficient in lysine and tryptophan. The other principal grains for pigs (grain sorghum, barley, and wheat) are low in lysine and threonine.
Digestible lysine in diets for primiparous lactating sows. ESCOBAR OCHOA, José David, M.Sc Adviser: Juarez Lopes Donzele. Sixty commercial hybrid first litter sows, during lactation (20, 2 ± 0, 13 days), with average body weight of 183, 6 ± 1,46 kg, were used to evaluate digestible lysine intake (DLI) (45; 50; 55 e 60 gr/day). The feed intake was kept at 5.0 kg /day. A completely randomized blocks design, with four treatments (45, 50, 55 and 60 gr DLI/day), fifteen...
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Dr. Brad Lawrence, Senior Technical Services Manager at Novus International, speaks about how producers can improve the health and growth of swine while reducing the risk of viral pathogens in feed through products with added benefits, during Novus KOLEM 2019.
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Practical AMINONIR® Application: From sampling to economic benefits
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A trial at ISMADE (a Spanish research center in animal nutrition) showed clearly that DL-Methionine and DL-hydroxy-methionine (liquid or powder forms) are 100% efficient to sustain piglets’ growth during the post weaning period from day 28 to day 70. Animals and experimental diets ? The study was performed on 720 piglets (crossbreed female largewhite*landrace x male pietrain*duroc): 360 females and 360 males, reared from 28 to 70 days-old. Piglets were weaned at...
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Introduction The association of all the stressors related to early weaning of piglets results in reduction in daily feed intake, especially during the first week. The interruption of feed intake in this phase results in intestinal villous atrophy and increased crypt depth (Pierce et al, 2005). According to Pinheiro & Machado (2007), the performance of piglets in the first week after weaning is strongly correlated with the weight at the end of the nursery phase, and the...
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Improve survival of young piglets and increase weaning weights with live yeast probiotic
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Background Several international and Danish trials have shown that lowering protein levels in weaner diets can reduce post-weaning diarrhea. Results are conflicting as to the effect on productivity, probably depending on the levels of limiting amino acids in the diets. The aim of this trial was to test different protein strategies to reduce diarrhea without adversely affecting productivity. Methods The trial was conducted at SEGES research...
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Key information Amino acids are involved in various important metabolic pathways beyond growth, including modulating the functioning of the body’s immune system. During a condition of sub-clinical disease, increased dietary supply of functional amino acids (i.e. methionine, tryptophan, threonine, arginine, glutamine, and glycine) ameliorates the negative effect of growth reduction associated with immune challenge. Based on the available literature,...
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On June 18, 2019, and following the scheduled two-year construction period, Evonik officially commissioned its second complex for the production of MetAMINO® (DL-methionine) and strategically important precursors in...
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This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), poultry meal (PM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) fed to broiler chickens and pigs. Four semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet were prepared. Experiment 1 was conducted with 416 male broiler chickens [initial body weight (BW) = 705 ± 100.0 g] at d 18 post-hatching in a randomized complete block design. Birds...
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Background With the increased global production of livestock, dairy, and poultry, the demand for feed is also increasing and co-products from the tropical food industries are increasingly used in diets fed to pigs. These co-products include copra meal and copra expellers, palm kernel meal and palm kernel expellers, and rice bran. Global production of palm kernel and copra products is relatively modest compared with the production of soybean meal and canola meal [1] and...
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Selsaf®3000 is a natural source of organic selenium for all species of animals (pigs, poultry, dairy, aquaculture…) The main compounds of Selsaf®3000 are L-selenomethionine and L-selenocysteine. L-selenomethionine is incorporated into body proteins as the main selenium storage, and used as a precursor to L-selenocysteine. L-selenocysteine plays an essential role against oxidative stress as a key element ensuring the activity of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase....
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Keywords: bioavailability, valine, performance. An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that Val from a Val-containing fermentation biomass product (Val-FB; 64.4% L-Val) has a bioavailability of 100% relative to L-Val (98% Val) when fed to weanling pigs. A Val-deficient basal diet containing 0.63% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Val was formulated. Six additional diets were prepared by supplementing the basal diet with 0.08, 0.16, or 0.24% L-Val or 0.12, 0.25, or...
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Practical AMINONIR® Application: From sampling to economic benefits
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The objectives were to determine the apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and AA in feed ingredients and to develop prediction equations for estimating SID of feed ingredient for commercial pigs using data from mini pigs. Six 11-week old crossbred commercial pigs (31.5 ± 1.6 kg of BW; Landrace × Yorkshire) and six 20-week old mini pigs (31.0 ± 3.2 kg BW; Jeju Island’s native pig) were individually housed...
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Introduction The intensive pig rearing system originates large amounts of waste; therefore, there is a great concern regarding the improvement of productivity and prevention of contamination of the environment with the waste. The nitrogen concentration in manure is relatively high and the excess is converted into substances like nitrate and ammonia, which are harmful to the environment, to the performance of animals, and to the health of animals and humans. The nutritional...
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Improve survival of young piglets and increase weaning weights with live yeast probiotic
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Conclusions Reducing the dietary crude protein (CP) level and balancing with supplemental amino acids (AA) maintained optimal performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs compared with feeding high CP diet. Plasma urea nitrogen concentration decreased linearly when dietary CP was reduced, indicating a better balanced AA supply with less excessive AA being Nitrogen (N) retention (g/d) was not affected but the urinary and total N excretions were markedly...
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Considering the maximum protein deposition in carcasses of different sex and genetics is approximately 70 kg in weight, it can be deduced that, in market conditions in which such animals are slaughtered weighing more than 100 kg, there would be a need to maximize protein deposition in the initial growth phase if we consider that these animals exhibit compensatory deposition of protein in the carcass.
Based on these considerations, we established a research program that was conducted...
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Conclusions The results of this study showed that the nitrogen retention was not different among pigs when receiving a Met-deficient diet supplemented with either MetAMINO® or MHA-Ca at a ratio of 65:100. Using the slope-ratio regression analysis, the bioavailability of MHA-Ca relative to MetAMINO® was 63 % on a product basis to optimize nitrogen retention (g/day) which should be considered when pig diets are supplemented with Met...
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Paulo Teixeira, VP Animal Nutrition in Brazil, explains how Evonik has implemented a high precision dosing system in Alibem Alimentos in Rio Grande do Sul. AMINOSys® comprises consulting, hardware and software solutions for micro-ingredient handling and dosing in feed mills...
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Introduction The β-agonist ractopamine (RAC) is a dietary ingredient used in diets for finishing pigs to redirect nutrients to protein accretion that would otherwise go to the synthesis and deposition of lipids, resulting in improved performance and carcass traits (DUNSHEA et al., 1993; SCHINCKEL et al., 2003). It is well established that Lys requirements for optimal performance and carcass traits are greater for pigs fed RAC (NRC, 2012; ANDRETTA et al., 2012). In addition,...
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