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1. Introduction With 1766–1768 nucleotides, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the smallest genomic panzootic associated virus among the circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses hitherto. These ssDNA viruses are remarkably understudied, and only recently have researchers begun to study these viruses due to the advent of next-generation sequencing in birds, fish, mammals, and even humans [1,2]. The small genome of PCV2 encodes at least nine different transcripts...
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of a maternal antibiotic administration during the last week of gestation on the early life intestinal development in neonatal piglets. Colonization of the gut with bacteria starts during birth and plays a major role in the intestinal and immunological development of the intestine. We demonstrate that maternal interventions induced changes in the sows (n = 6 to 8 per treatment) fecal microbiota diversity...
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The surge in corn prices has left pig producers looking for cost-effective alternatives. Tony Edwards explains that although barley contains less digestible energy than corn and wheat, because of its higher concentration of crude fiber, it is suitable for all types of pigs and provides more amino acids and more phosphorus than corn. World grain production is dominated by corn followed by wheat, rice, barley and sorghum. These grains are used for a...
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Liz Wagstrom (National Pork Producers Council) talked about surveillance and sample collection, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Robert Thaler (South Dakota State University) talks about optimal performance instead of maximum performance, during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Pedro Urriola (University of Minnesota) points out the importance of measuring any changes, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Cordyceps militaris is a rare and exotic Chinese medicinal mushroom. Cordyceps militaris is widely used as a tonic for vitality and longevity for thousands of years by the Chinese. Cordyceps militaris has been used for a long time as a nutraceutical food in Korea and Japan. Easy-immune contains cordycepin and polysaccharides from Cordyceps as natural immunity booster. The medical potential of the metabolites of Cordyceps militaris has been widely...
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Introduction As the economic success of sow husbandry relies very much, but not solely, on the ability of sows to produce a high number of piglets per sow per year, a high sow litter size contributes to this goal. Genetic selection for higher litter size has resulted in a steady increase in sow litter size in the last decades, and this increase in litter size still continues. For example, in the Netherlands, sow litter size (total number born) has increased...
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Introduction The growth, development and functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a dynamic and evolving process that prepares the young pig, both before and after parturition, for its future growth, development and ultimately, survival. The perinatal development of the GIT can be divided into three phases: the prenatal phase, characterized by minimal stimulation from the GIT lumen; the neonatal phase, associated with changes caused...
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Introduction Despite the wealth of information on the many factors that affect sexual maturation and the early breeding performance of gilts, it has been difficult to establish the needed protocols that produce a consistent supply of “good quality” replacement females. In the context of the latest genotypes available to the production industry, it is important to keep addressing the changing biology of the nucleus sows from which replacement...
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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation patterns on the growth performance of weaned pigs under clean (CSC) or unclean sanitary conditions (USC). One hundred forty-four piglets (6.35 ± 0.63 kg BW) were housed under CSC or USC for 3 wk and assigned to 1 of 3 diets: a high CP (HCP; 21%) and two low CP (LCP; 18%) diets supplemented with 10 crystalline indispensable amino...
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Introduction African Swine Fever (ASF) is a devastating highly contagious disease affecting suids. It is caused by a big complex virus, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), that can spread very rapidly within the pig populations by direct or indirect contact. This virus can also become endemic in feral or wild suids, and the transmission cycles existing between these animals and the Ornithodorus spp. ticks, the biological vector, complicate control and...
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Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most complex infectious swine diseases. Its notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) is mandatory due to the high mortality it causes, its efficient transmission rate and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact that it produces on international trade of pigs and pork products. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, which is the only...
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Guilherme Rosa (University of Wisconsin-Madison) mentions training, adaptation and possible costs among the challenges, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Tom Weber (AB Vista) mentions the relevance of balance in fiber, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Mike Tokach (Kansas State University) gives recommendations regarding storage time and mixing, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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INTRODUCTION Farm animals are raised to produce commodities such as meat, dairy products, and fiber. Energy, amino acids (AA), minerals, vitamins, and water are used by animals for body maintenance, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Body maintenance and the synthesis of body tissues (i.e., lean, fat, etc.) are dependent upon an adequate supply of dietary nutrients (1). The energy and nutrient losses associated with the conversion of dietary energy and nutrients into animal...
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The disease African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important infectious disease of swine. This disease causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts due to its high mortality rate in domestic pigs and restrictions on the pig and pork trade. It is not a zoonotic disease, which limits its impact on public health. ASF must be notified to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). There is not a commercial vaccine or treatment against ASF at...
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Introduction Although only two years have passed since the last IPVS congress in Chongqing (China), the global swine industry has been completely transformed by the emerged threat of African swine fever (ASF). The introduction of ASF to South East Asia, especially to China, has altered perceptions of ASF. On one hand, the massive scale of the outbreak in the People Republic of China (PRC) has given the perception that the situation in many countries is not...
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