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Cordyceps militaris is a rare and exotic Chinese medicinal mushroom. Cordyceps militaris is widely used as a tonic for vitality and longevity for thousands of years by the Chinese. Cordyceps militaris has been used for a long time as a nutraceutical food in Korea and Japan. Easy-immune contains cordycepin and polysaccharides from Cordyceps as natural immunity booster. The medical potential of the metabolites of Cordyceps militaris has been widely...
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Introduction As the economic success of sow husbandry relies very much, but not solely, on the ability of sows to produce a high number of piglets per sow per year, a high sow litter size contributes to this goal. Genetic selection for higher litter size has resulted in a steady increase in sow litter size in the last decades, and this increase in litter size still continues. For example, in the Netherlands, sow litter size (total number born) has increased...
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Introduction The growth, development and functionality of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a dynamic and evolving process that prepares the young pig, both before and after parturition, for its future growth, development and ultimately, survival. The perinatal development of the GIT can be divided into three phases: the prenatal phase, characterized by minimal stimulation from the GIT lumen; the neonatal phase, associated with changes caused...
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Introduction Despite the wealth of information on the many factors that affect sexual maturation and the early breeding performance of gilts, it has been difficult to establish the needed protocols that produce a consistent supply of “good quality” replacement females. In the context of the latest genotypes available to the production industry, it is important to keep addressing the changing biology of the nucleus sows from which replacement...
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The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) content and crystalline amino acids (CAA) supplementation patterns on the growth performance of weaned pigs under clean (CSC) or unclean sanitary conditions (USC). One hundred forty-four piglets (6.35 ± 0.63 kg BW) were housed under CSC or USC for 3 wk and assigned to 1 of 3 diets: a high CP (HCP; 21%) and two low CP (LCP; 18%) diets supplemented with 10 crystalline indispensable amino...
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Introduction African Swine Fever (ASF) is a devastating highly contagious disease affecting suids. It is caused by a big complex virus, the African swine fever virus (ASFV), that can spread very rapidly within the pig populations by direct or indirect contact. This virus can also become endemic in feral or wild suids, and the transmission cycles existing between these animals and the Ornithodorus spp. ticks, the biological vector, complicate control and...
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Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most complex infectious swine diseases. Its notification to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) is mandatory due to the high mortality it causes, its efficient transmission rate and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact that it produces on international trade of pigs and pork products. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a large, enveloped double-stranded DNA virus, which is the only...
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Guilherme Rosa (University of Wisconsin-Madison) mentions training, adaptation and possible costs among the challenges, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Tom Weber (AB Vista) mentions the relevance of balance in fiber, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Mike Tokach (Kansas State University) gives recommendations regarding storage time and mixing, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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INTRODUCTION Farm animals are raised to produce commodities such as meat, dairy products, and fiber. Energy, amino acids (AA), minerals, vitamins, and water are used by animals for body maintenance, growth, reproduction, and lactation. Body maintenance and the synthesis of body tissues (i.e., lean, fat, etc.) are dependent upon an adequate supply of dietary nutrients (1). The energy and nutrient losses associated with the conversion of dietary energy and nutrients into animal...
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The disease African swine fever (ASF) is one of the most important infectious disease of swine. This disease causes greater sanitary, social and economic impacts due to its high mortality rate in domestic pigs and restrictions on the pig and pork trade. It is not a zoonotic disease, which limits its impact on public health. ASF must be notified to the World Organization of Animal Health (OIE). There is not a commercial vaccine or treatment against ASF at...
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Introduction Although only two years have passed since the last IPVS congress in Chongqing (China), the global swine industry has been completely transformed by the emerged threat of African swine fever (ASF). The introduction of ASF to South East Asia, especially to China, has altered perceptions of ASF. On one hand, the massive scale of the outbreak in the People Republic of China (PRC) has given the perception that the situation in many countries is not...
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INTRODUCTION Several factors influence piglet performance after birth. In general, pig producers aim at heavy birth and weaning weights because they are associated with better performance during subsequent rearing phases. This association was first described in the 1980s by Powell and Aberle (1980) and has been recently studied and discussed in the literature. However, Surek et al. (2014), working with litters of 11 piglets each standardized by birth weight, observed that...
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INTRODUCTION One of the greatest challenges in optimizing growth performance and health of newly weaned pigs is to overcome low and variable feed consumption which adversely affects gastrointestinal health during this critical transition period on commercial swine farms (Pluske et al., 1997; Langendijk et al. 2007; Dong and Pluske, 2007). Therefore, dietary interventions that encourage faster adaptation and greater feed consumption, while also improving energy and...
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Introduction Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is the most relevant infectious disease in the swine industry. PRRS virus (PRRSv) live inoculation has been used to stabilize and even eliminate PRRS in positively confirmed farms. Batch farrowing is a production system used to maximize productivity and could be used to interrupt disease transmission in susceptible populations. This report captures the stabilization of a one site farm with a continuous production...
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A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn by full-fat rice bran (FFRB) on performance and meat quality characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 728 pigs [Duroc x (Yorkshire x Landrace); initial body weight (BW) = 24.1 ± 0.11 kg] were randomly distributed to 4 dietary treatments with 7 replicate pens (26 pigs/pen) per treatment. Diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 were formulated replacing corn by 5%, 15%, 30%, and 45% of FFRB, respectively. Growth phases...
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Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) reported as deadly for pigs. It is listed as a “notifiable disease” by the OIE due to high illness rates and a high mortality rate, up to 100%, and substantial financial losses [1-3]. Further spread of ASF to China has had disastrous consequences, especially instead of the fact that China contains more than half of the world’s pig population [4]. To date, as far as Vietnam is concerned, ASF has appeared in all 63...
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Introduction Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus that was first identified in the United States in May 2013. Epidemiological and controlled experiments have shown that complete feed or feed components can be one of many possible vectors of transmission of PEDV. Because of the potential viral spread by feed and ingredients, reduction techniques such as chemical treatments have been used to combat the virus. Many chemical...
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Cordyceps militaris is a rare and exotic Chinese medicinal mushroom. Its chemical composition and pharmacological effects are similar to C ordyceps sinensis . Cordyceps sinensis is widely used as a tonic for vitality and longevity for thousands of years by the Chinese. Cordyceps militaris has also been used in Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Easy-immune contains cordycepin and polysaccharides from Cordyceps as a natural immunity...
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