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Introduction For economic reasons, the pig industry is marked today by a phenotypic inbreeding for production parameters that might result in a genotypic linkage with an altered (compromised) immune responsiveness. A well-developed immune system and optimal immune responsiveness remain important for the welfare and productivity. Indeed these qualities can only be obtained if the health status of the animal scores high. Therefore a lot of energy and money is invested in...
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Ascaris suum is currently the only parasitic worm that is still highly prevalent in modern intensive pig production systems. However, due to the subclinical nature of the disease, ascariasis often remains undiagnosed, creating a lack of information regarding the worm-status of a farm, which ultimately makes it difficult for the farmers and the veterinarians to evaluate the applied deworming programs. In recent years, our group has developed and evaluated a serological test that can be used...
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Introduction The “Five Freedoms” (FAWC, 1993) are used widely as a framework for the assessment of animal welfare and the basis of much legislation for animal protection. Whilst not all Freedoms receive universal agreement, “Freedom from pain, injury and disease” is accepted as important by all stakeholders. Pain can be defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage” (IASP, 1979)....
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Introduction Lysine is typically the first limiting amino acid in corn and soybean meal-based swine diets. Therefore, it is critical to establish the Lys requirement at each growth phase in order to allow the pig maximum growth potential and keep diets economical. Increasing crystalline amino acid usage to replace specialty protein sources and current statistical modeling capabilities has created a need for more research in amino acid requirements. Typically, essential amino...
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Tom Weber (AB Vista) talks about effects in the microbiome, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Robert Thaler (South Dakota State University) explains how answers change over time, during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Pedro Urriola (University of Minnesota) comments on variation in nutrient composition and energy values, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Introduction Vulvar discharges are related to reproductive tract infections that can lead to decreased sow fertility and other impairments in zootechnical indices, which reduces profitability 1,2,3 . However, knowledge about metrite causative agents in sows is still very superficial. Staphylococcus hyicus – a Gram-positive, coagulase variable, facultative anaerobic, catalase-positive, non-hemolytic, non-motile bacteria - may be able to cause metritis in...
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Guilherme Rosa (University of Wisconsin-Madison) talks about the benefits of technology in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Mike Tokach (Kansas State University) comments on complex diets and feeder adjustments, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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Fiodor Marchenkov (Kronos Agro LLC, Kiev, Ukraine) offers his views on fat digestion and energy in animal diets....
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Animal emotions – and what about the pig? With some notable exceptions Darwin’s 1872 book on expressions of emotions in man and humans, ‘feelings’ or emotions have historically been viewed as non-scientific and not a subject fitting for scientific enquiry. However, during the last decades we have seen a resurrection of scientific interest in the field of mechanisms of emotion, not at least because of the increasing prevalence of...
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Introduction While meat production generates food and a livelihood for billions of people around the planet, it is also associated with environmental and health consequences (OECD 2016). Among production animals, chickens and pigs are species of enormous economic importance for humans, with chickens being the most consumed meet source in the world (13.8 kg/capita in 2016) followed by pigs (12.3 kg/per capita in 2016) (OECD 2016). Given the cultural...
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One of the most pressing problems that has attracted considerable publicity in the last few years is the prospect of widespread multidrug resistance leading to a breakdown in human healthcare systems throughout the world. The O’Neil report (O’Neil et al 2016), estimates “that by 2050, 10 million lives a year and a cumulative 100 trillion USD of economic output are at risk due to the rise of drug- resistant infections”. The O’Neil report recommends a...
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Introduction Sow longevity is defined as the time elapsed from gilt entry into the breeding herd until removal as a result of culling or death. Increasing herd retention rate is important to maximize sow lifetime productivity. Higher removal rate implies an increase in the percentage of young females in the herd, a category with lower production potential, and a higher risk of early culling. Systematic gilt replacement is required for genetic gain. Still,...
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Introduction Inclusion of dietary crystalline amino acids is a common practice in the swine industry. This is done to meet specific amino acid requirements while reducing feed cost and environmental impact. Additionally, amino acids are often expressed in relation to lysine to develop the most efficient diet formulations. A previous experiment conducted at Kansas State University validated that the lysine requirement for 15 to 25 lb pigs was 1.45% SID lysine. Therefore, our...
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INTRODUCTION The swine slaughtering process is affected by practices that go from the establishment of fasting on the farm to the slaughtering stage in the slaughterhouse. Animals are subjected to practices that will directly reflect on the quality of their carcass, and on how meat cuts will be ranked as more or less valuable in the market. Thus, pre-slaughter phases are fundamentally relevant to the quality of the final product, once they affect the living experience of animals...
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INTRODUCTION Substantial increases in litter size have occurred in commercial swine production over recent years which have been accompanied by increases in pre-weaning piglet mortality. The number of piglets born alive to sows on U.S. units currently averages approximately 13.5; this number has increased by approximately three piglets over recent years (PigChamp, 2004, 2020). Pre-weaning mortality levels have also increased over this time period and currently average in...
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1. Introduction The nutrient requirements of a pig population can be defined as the amount of nutrients needed to achieve specific production objectives such as maximizing weight gain and lean tissue gain and improving feed conversion. Nutritional requirements might vary according to body weight, health status, genetics, and sex, among other less known factors. Most commonly, lysine (Lys) requirements are estimated as a function of the average daily feed intake (ADFI),...
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