Ana Gavrau

Anyone wanting to understand the nutrition of methionine and related compounds could start with a book by Vincent duVigneaud. It is a wonderful read for anyone interested in how biochemistry and nutritional sciences developed together and anyone wanting to understand sulfur and methyl nutrition. After you have studied it, the Chamruspollert dissertation will make more sense. There are plenty of ex ...

Betaine Is Not Merely a Substitute for Methionine1. Unique Function: An Irreplaceable "Osmotic Regulator"The most distinctive feature setting betaine apart from other methyl donors (such as methionine and choline) is its unique role as an osmotic buffer.Core Anti-Stress Mechanism: When intestinal cells (especially during summer heat stress or diarrhea), liver cells, and kidney cells face high-osmo ...

Mustafa Ayazi, while understanding his point of view, continues with the view that the difference in bird performance between phases would be related to the fact that the temperature of 32 C represents a lower stress intensity for birds from 0 to 21 days, compared to 22 to 42 days of age. However, I think it is important to emphasize that in biology there is no absolute truth.

Dear Mustafa, thanks a lot for your article. The antistress action of glutamine is caused by central position of these amino acids in transferring of amino groups. So, in this way glutamine is highly increasing their spectra of biochemical reactions, responsible for antistress action. You can support glutamine by betaine and carnitine. Probably these substances can give a synergic effect. Best wis ...

Dear @Ana Gavrau, I fully agree, although the bioavailability of naturally occurring choline may be limited. Moreover, I am convinced that betaine, choline, methionine, folates, and vitamin B12 should be considered as part of an integrated metabolic network rather than as isolated nutrients.

@luciano Pinotti And dietary protein level. Since methyl groups are required for creatine and uric acid synthesis, nitrogen balance is also a factor. A very important one, I think. Young chicks depositing most of their amino acid intake into body protein should require many fewer labile methyls for uric acid synthesis. Us old roosters in net nitrogen balance oxidize all our amino acid intake. For ...

@luciano Pinotti, My position focuses strictly on partial substitution. Empirical literature indicates that betaine can safely spare dietary methionine and choline within a partial replacement window—typically around 15% to 25%—by taking over the transmethylation burden.