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The term “postbiotic” is increasingly found in the scientific literature and also on the commercial products over the last few years. But the scientific community is not yet united on what falls into this category. As the term is new and found increasingly popular, the correct idea about it should be...
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INTRODUCTION Campylobacter spp. is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease and poses a serious economical and health risk globally (Skanseng et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2011; Meunier et al., 2015). The most common route of campylobacteriosis infection in humans is the handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat (Lee and Newell, 2006). Campylobacter spp. is a commensal organism found in cattle, sheep, swine, wildlife, and domestic...
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I. INTRODUCTION Both glucose and amino acids are essential for muscle protein deposition and feed conversion efficiency and total tract nitrogen retention was reported to be influenced by protein and starch digestion in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2013). Liu and Selle (2015) found that 76% of the variation in the feed-conversion ratio (FCR) could be attributed to starch and protein digestion rates in sorghum-based diets. Quadratic relationships between proximal jejunal...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by certain groups of fungi during their growth in food and feed products, which can lead to several toxic effects in animals and humans [1]. The most important fungal genera that produce mycotoxins are Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, and the main classes of mycotoxins produced by these genera are the aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone...
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INTRODUCTION Finishing diets are composed of about 45% to 55% starch based on typical dietary corn inclusion (Samuelson et al., 2016). While the rumen is the primary site of starch digestion, it is highly dependent on grain source, processing method, and degree of grain processing (Owens et al., 1997). Steam flaking corn usually improves cattle performance due to an increase of starch digestibility compared with simpler processing methods like dry-rolling (Zinn...
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1 Introduction Due to wastewater production and the manufacture of polymeric materials through different industrial processes, industrial development has posed numerous environmental challenges [1]. Water and land contamination may result from wanton dumping of this waste (with or without adequate treatment) and the polymer. Notwithstanding the heinous negative effects on soil and water [2] this impacts negatively on the wellbeing of living creatures [3]. This has been a major...
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Introduction This era may be conferred as the era of nanotechnology due to the use of nanoparticles in diversified purposes such as in the fields of medicine, engineering, information, environmental technology [1,2], pigments, food, electronics appliances [3], biological, and pharmaceutical applications [4,5], etc. Nanomaterials are also used in the fields of biology (molecular and cellular), biotechnology, mineral nutrition, physiology, reproduction, pharmacology, etc., in both...
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Introduction Antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. 1 Microbes can become resistant to antimicrobials as a result of ineffective or prolonged antimicrobial treatment. This resistance may be “innate” owing to the slow and long evolutionary process that microorganisms undergo to adapt to changing environmental conditions; this adaptation is...
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Pedro Urriola (University of Minnesota) comments on variation in nutrient composition and energy values, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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1 Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary products of fungal metabolism, with a high capacity to cause damage to human and animal health (Bennett & Klich, 2003). Fungi can naturally proliferate in food and are very commonly found in grains used for animal and human food. The growth is mainly favored by humidity and temperature. Inadequate harvesting and storage practices contribute to fungal contamination (Batatinha et al., 2008). The presence of fungi in...
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Fiodor Marchenkov (Kronos Agro LLC, Kiev, Ukraine) offers his views on fat digestion and energy in animal diets....
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. The intestinal tract of poultry and other food animals is considered the main foodborne Salmonella reservoir [1,2]. An increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been reported in poultry Salmonella isolates where antibiotics are extensively used in production systems [3,4]. Although the link between antimicrobial usage in food animals and clinical treatment failures in human salmonellosis...
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I. INTRODUCTION Kappaphycus alvarezii (KPA) is a red alga that is also called Eucheuma cottonii . Seaweeds have received significant attention for their potential as sources of natural antioxidants attributed to the carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols present which contribute to inhibition or suppression of free radical generation (Athukorala et al. 2006). Kappaphycus alvarezii is rich in enzymes, nutrients, minerals, calcium, iron, fibres...
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Starch is the most abundant source of energy in broiler diets, providing about 50 % of apparent metabolisable energy. Broiler diets generally contain approximately 40 % starch, which is thought to be completely digested within the small intestine. However, the microbiota in the large intestine also plays an important role in starch digestion, producing volatile fatty acids that act as an energy source. The potential consequence of this is an incorrect prediction of the digestible energy...
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India is the largest producer of milk with 187.75 MT production ( Basic animal husbandry statistics, 2019). The average yield is about 1600 Kg/animal whereas the world average is about 2700 kg/animal. Israel and the USA are the leading countries with average yields of about 13000 and 10500 Kg/animal respectively. (UGAM FOUNDATION’S). The USA is the major producer of maize and contributes nearly 35 % of the total production of the world and maize is the driver of the US economy. The USA...
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by University of Chemistry and Technology Prague
Mycotoxins are a group of low-molecular-weight compounds with a...
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Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by some filamentous fungi that grow naturally in many commodities around the world [1,2]. In Brazil, contamination of substrates by mycotoxigenic fungi is rather common, since climatic conditions favor their development and the production of mycotoxins. These substances are chiefly produced by three fungal genera: Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium [3]. Of these, the genus Fusarium is of great importance for it...
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INTRODUCTION The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) forecasts that the human population will increase by 30% by 2050 (FAO, 2019) with corresponding increase in demand for food. Animal protein, the largest component of human food is entirely dependent on livestock production channels as its source. Over 70% of the cost of livestock production is feed, and the second largest component and cost of feed is the crude protein, a segment that has been challenged for its...
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I. INTRODUCTION Knowledge on the digestibility of amino acids (AA) in raw materials is crucial for precise feed formulation, and for more efficient and sustainable use of feed resources. The accuracy of excreta-based digestibility measurements for determining N and AA digestibility may be questionable, due to the variable effects of the caecal microflora on dietary protein utilisation and the contribution of...
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