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Cover cropping is a management practice in which fields are planted not with the specific goal of a harvested crop, but to provide ground cover that benefits the farm and its surrounding ecosystem. In a cover crop system, the field is seeded into a mix of plants whose whole purpose is to protect and enhance the soil after the production crop has been harvested. These can include species such as cereal rye, triticale, oats, vetch, clover, turnips and radishes.
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Introduction Prevention of disease transmission and enhancement of growth and feed efficiency are critical factors in modern pig production. For more than 50 years enteric disease suppression and growth promotion have been effectively achieved by the inclusion of various antibiotics or chemotherapeutics at subtherapeutic doses into diets. The estimated economic benefits in terms of improved growth rates ranged from 3.3 to 8.8% and feed efficiency from 2.5 to 7.0% (Viaene...
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Soybean meal (SBM) is an ingredient with a high digestibility of protein, Lys, and Met. An optimal heating process of SBM is required to eliminate antinutritional components that negatively interfere with digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients. The effect of 3 commercial SBM batches were subjected to different heat treatments to evaluate its effect on growth performance and intestinal integrity. A total of 1,860 male Cobb 500 broiler chicks were vaccinated at 1d of age with a...
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INTRODUCTION The calls for the promotion of variable alternatives to modern health management practices need to be intensified as the rate of shortfalls in the supply of animal protein to the teeming world population continues to widen especially among resource-poor citizens of developing countries. The high cost and non-availability of chemically synthesized allopathic drugs among the local people that constitute the majority of the livestock farmers promote these shortfalls as...
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Comprehensive solution in the aninal nutrition industry: Midland ADN Group
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Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that different combinations of conditioning and expansion of soybean expellers increases nutritional value. Non-heat-treated soybean expellers (L-1) and soybean expellers conditioned for 60 s at...
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Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a highly contagious disease of grower and finisher pigs. SD causes severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, resulting in decreased feed efficiency and increased morbidity. Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is characterized by high mortality in poultry with bloody diarrhea, and sudden death. B. subtilis and B. licheniformis have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of...
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The term “postbiotic” is increasingly found in the scientific literature and also on the commercial products over the last few years. But the scientific community is not yet united on what falls into this category. As the term is new and found increasingly popular, the correct idea about it should be...
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INTRODUCTION Campylobacter spp. is well recognized as the leading cause of bacterial foodborne diarrheal disease and poses a serious economical and health risk globally (Skanseng et al., 2010; Silva et al., 2011; Meunier et al., 2015). The most common route of campylobacteriosis infection in humans is the handling or consumption of contaminated poultry meat (Lee and Newell, 2006). Campylobacter spp. is a commensal organism found in cattle, sheep, swine, wildlife, and domestic...
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I. INTRODUCTION Both glucose and amino acids are essential for muscle protein deposition and feed conversion efficiency and total tract nitrogen retention was reported to be influenced by protein and starch digestion in broiler chickens (Liu et al., 2013). Liu and Selle (2015) found that 76% of the variation in the feed-conversion ratio (FCR) could be attributed to starch and protein digestion rates in sorghum-based diets. Quadratic relationships between proximal jejunal...
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1. Introduction Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced as secondary metabolites by certain groups of fungi during their growth in food and feed products, which can lead to several toxic effects in animals and humans [1]. The most important fungal genera that produce mycotoxins are Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, and the main classes of mycotoxins produced by these genera are the aflatoxins (AF), ochratoxin A (OTA), fumonisins (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone...
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INTRODUCTION Finishing diets are composed of about 45% to 55% starch based on typical dietary corn inclusion (Samuelson et al., 2016). While the rumen is the primary site of starch digestion, it is highly dependent on grain source, processing method, and degree of grain processing (Owens et al., 1997). Steam flaking corn usually improves cattle performance due to an increase of starch digestibility compared with simpler processing methods like dry-rolling (Zinn...
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1 Introduction Due to wastewater production and the manufacture of polymeric materials through different industrial processes, industrial development has posed numerous environmental challenges [1]. Water and land contamination may result from wanton dumping of this waste (with or without adequate treatment) and the polymer. Notwithstanding the heinous negative effects on soil and water [2] this impacts negatively on the wellbeing of living creatures [3]. This has been a major...
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Introduction This era may be conferred as the era of nanotechnology due to the use of nanoparticles in diversified purposes such as in the fields of medicine, engineering, information, environmental technology [1,2], pigments, food, electronics appliances [3], biological, and pharmaceutical applications [4,5], etc. Nanomaterials are also used in the fields of biology (molecular and cellular), biotechnology, mineral nutrition, physiology, reproduction, pharmacology, etc., in both...
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Introduction Antimicrobials, including antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics, are used to prevent and treat infections in humans, animals, and plants. 1 Microbes can become resistant to antimicrobials as a result of ineffective or prolonged antimicrobial treatment. This resistance may be “innate” owing to the slow and long evolutionary process that microorganisms undergo to adapt to changing environmental conditions; this adaptation is...
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Pedro Urriola (University of Minnesota) comments on variation in nutrient composition and energy values, in this Swine It interview with host Laura Greiner....
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1 Introduction Mycotoxins are secondary products of fungal metabolism, with a high capacity to cause damage to human and animal health (Bennett & Klich, 2003). Fungi can naturally proliferate in food and are very commonly found in grains used for animal and human food. The growth is mainly favored by humidity and temperature. Inadequate harvesting and storage practices contribute to fungal contamination (Batatinha et al., 2008). The presence of fungi in...
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Comprehensive solution in the aninal nutrition industry: Midland ADN Group
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Fiodor Marchenkov (Kronos Agro LLC, Kiev, Ukraine) offers his views on fat digestion and energy in animal diets....
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. The intestinal tract of poultry and other food animals is considered the main foodborne Salmonella reservoir [1,2]. An increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been reported in poultry Salmonella isolates where antibiotics are extensively used in production systems [3,4]. Although the link between antimicrobial usage in food animals and clinical treatment failures in human salmonellosis...
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I. INTRODUCTION Kappaphycus alvarezii (KPA) is a red alga that is also called Eucheuma cottonii . Seaweeds have received significant attention for their potential as sources of natural antioxidants attributed to the carotenoids, tocopherols and polyphenols present which contribute to inhibition or suppression of free radical generation (Athukorala et al. 2006). Kappaphycus alvarezii is rich in enzymes, nutrients, minerals, calcium, iron, fibres...
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Starch is the most abundant source of energy in broiler diets, providing about 50 % of apparent metabolisable energy. Broiler diets generally contain approximately 40 % starch, which is thought to be completely digested within the small intestine. However, the microbiota in the large intestine also plays an important role in starch digestion, producing volatile fatty acids that act as an energy source. The potential consequence of this is an incorrect prediction of the digestible energy...
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