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Introduction Dairy cows are provided high allocations of grain following calving to meet high energy demands for milk production. However, increased grain consumption increases the flow of fermentable carbohydrates to the hindgut, increasing hindgut fermentation (Abdela, 2016). If excessive fermentation occurs, high osmotic pressure and a drop in pH induce inflammation and damage hindgut epithelial cells, thus increasing gut permeability and allowing...
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INTRODUCTION Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is a tropical forage species widely used in ruminant nutrition. Sorghum is considered the best option in arid and semi-arid regions worldwide. Sorghum is a typical plant of hot climates due to its xerophilic characteristics, low soil fertility requirements, high tolerance/resistance to water stress and salinity (HASSAN et al., 2018). Sorghum grain has been used as an energy source in ruminant diet formulation and...
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INTRODUCTION Preservation of alfalfa as silage is becoming convenient due to the ease of mechanization and reduced susceptibility to weather damage (Khadem et al . 2009). Calberry et al . (2003); Bhandari et al. (2008) and Khadem et al. (2009) reported that cows fed on ration containing chopped alfalfa hay had lower intake than those fed on a diet containing chopped alfalfa silage. But similar milk yield and composition (Calberry et al ....
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1. Introduction Reducing the production costs is becoming more important in the dairy industry. The suitable development of replacement heifers is an expensive investment for dairy farms, so estimations of all associated costs are about 20% of the total production costs [1]. The age at first calving (AFC) reflects the rate of growth of the female. A late entry in the productive life reduces the economic value of the animals, due to the potentially decreased number of...
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1. Introduction In commercial dairy and beef production, a range of stresses are responsible for economic losses associated with the decreased productive and reproductive performance of cows. It has been shown that at the molecular level, nutritional, technological, environmental and internal stresses lead to the overproduction of free radicals, the disturbance of the redox balance, and oxidative stress [1,2]. It is well known that oxidative stress (an imbalance between free...
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Introduction Coccidiosis is an infectious disease of the intestinal tract of wild and domestic animals caused by different protozoa. These include but are not limited to Isospora, Neospora, Cryptosporidium, and Eimeria of the phylum Apicomplexa. Those parasites are widespread, especially where intensive production systems are used to raise livestock. They cause mortality, poor growth, and impaired performance. In addition to mortality and reduced growth, coccidiosis also affects...
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Introduction Decisions concerning the milking center are some of the most complicated decisions a dairy producer has to make. Milking procedures, herd size, expansion plans, milking interval and the equity position of a producer influence these decisions. One parlor will not meet the needs of all dairy producers. Producers will have to make the following decisions before they can select or develop management protocols for a milking parlor: 1. How many cows will be milked...
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Introduction A wide range of in vitro and in situ techniques are used as alternatives to in vivo measurement of ruminal fiber availability. Fiber digestibility and forage fragility are critical factors should to be considered in forage evaluation and diet formulation for ruminants. Digestive characters of dietary neutral detergent fibers (NDF) fraction have been reported to greatly affect feeding behavior, chewing activity, rate of particles...
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The development of solutions and products focused on ruminant nutrition has been linked to LIPTOSA since its...
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Evonik's animal feed solutions based on low-protein, amino acid enriched diets make animal husbandry more efficient and help save resources. With a growing global population and rising affluence in many regions, the appetite for meat is picking...
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Introduction The challenge of the contemporary production of agricultural products is intrinsically linked to optimizing processes and production costs. Ensuring thermal comfort, considering that the intense incidence of solar radiation and the high temperatures observed practically throughout the year in the Brazilian semiarid region can cause stress, causing the animals to decline in production, can increase animal production (Leitão et al., 2013). Therefore,...
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Dr. Markus Wiltafsky-Martin, Responsible for Service Commercialization at Evonik Animal Nutrition, underscores why AMINODat® 6.0, is the most comprehensive animal nutrition database in the world that comprises nutritional data of more than 18,000 feed ingredient samples from all over the world and over 900,000 analytical results. ...
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U.S. dairy and livestock trends point to a decline in methane emissions. While the greenhouse gas has been used by climate change activists to clobber animal agriculture, science points to a different trend.
Methane as a greenhouse gas has long been the Achilles’ heel for activists to attack animal agriculture. That appears to be shifting as scientific discovery suggests a reduction in atmospheric methane over the United States.
Frank Mitloehner, a professor and air...
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AMINONIR® Portable enables the reliable determination of energy, nutrients in feed raw materials and feed, as well as amino acids in feed raw materials, on-site and independent of a laboratory. The hand-held device connects with the user’s tablet or cell phone. It only requires mobile signal reception and a handful of feed or raw material without further sample preparation to determine their quality at almost any location within minutes....
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In a previous article published some years ago here, dealing with cooling project that I accompanied in northern Mexico, I described the results from the first and second years of its implementation. The data were presented in a limited way, for a series of dairy farms belonging to the "Alpura" dairy cooperative, located in the warm regions of northern Mexico and characterized by long summer months, with extreme heat load conditions for dairy cows. These farms are mainly large and...
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1. Introduction Goat production in Chile is carried out by poor small-scale farmers in semi-arid to arid agricultural conditions [1]. Milk and cheese are the main products obtained using artisanal, cultural and traditionally preserved methods where women and children are usually in charge of production [2]. The products are directly consumed by the family or sold to by-passers at good prices [3]. These production systems are similar in goat production around the world,...
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An increase in the velocity of air, at a temperature lower than the surface temperature of the animal, has the potential to increase the sensible heat loss of the animal. An augmentation in air velocity will shift the upper critical temperature upwards. An effective ventilation system to reduce heat stress should emphasize the production of high air speed as much as the commonly accepted goal of reducing ambient temperature. Increasing the air velocity lowers the effective temperature...
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INTRODUCTION Raising healthy calves is the foundation for a sustainable and profitable dairy herd. Dam nutrition during the last trimester, calving supervision/assistance, maternity facilities hygiene, umbilical care of calves, colostrum management, and calf nutrition are important factors that impact calf development and health (Lorenz et al., 2011). Calf mortality of 5% or less has been suggested as target for calfrearing operations (Lanuza, 2006). In Chile, however, there is...
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