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Poultry egg quality
Egg quality defines those characteristics of an egg that affect consumer acceptability and preference. Components of quality include shell quality and interior egg quality for shell eggs, and interior egg quality for further processed eggs. The quality of the egg once it is laid cannot be improved. Hence, its maintenance is mostly a preventive process. Egg quality is influenced by several factors including rearing, temperature, humidity, handling, storage, and egg age. Shell quality: There are five major classes of shell defects: integrity, texture, shape, color, and cleanliness. Internal egg quality involves functional, aesthetic and microbiological properties of the egg yolk and albumen. The proportions of components for fresh egg are 32% yolk, 58% albumen and 10% shell. Regarding exterior egg quality, the shell of each egg should be smooth, clean and free of cracks. The eggs should be uniform in colour, size and shape.
I. INTRODUCTION The importance of the microbiota and general gut health, in relation to animal health and thus performance, cannot be underestimated. This has led to the development of management tools to influence and support the gut microbiota, as well as gut health in general. Probiotics, defined by the FAO/WHO (2002) as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host”, are a good example thereof. Specifically...
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Introduction Globally, the poultry sector is a sizeable industry with a current market value of $ 310.7 billion and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 3.8% 1 . Poultry is a rapidly growing agricultural sub-sector in developing countries 2 , however, product quality, safety, and avian diseases continue to be a major challenge to this industry 3 . Hatcheries occupy a focal position in the poultry production chain,...
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This year’s World Egg Day theme ‘Eggs for a better life’ celebrates the incredible egg’s power to support not just human health outcomes, but planetary health and people’s livelihoods too!
The egg is a brilliantly versatile protein powerhouse, containing 13 different essential nutrients in one...
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I. INTRODUCTION Most Australian households consume large numbers of eggs on an annual basis, but we know very little about what members of the broader community think about the practices associated with commercial egg production and the underlying values that they bring to these considerations. A previous study for Australian Eggs (Fisher et al., 2019) examined the values-based elements underlying the consensus in animal science across key areas related to laying hen...
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Improving eggshell quality under heat stress. High environmental temperatures cause very serious economic losses to the egg industry each year.
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Zinc plays a key role in eggshell formation: the synthesis of calcium carbonate from carbon dioxide and water is catalyzed by a zinc-dependent enzyme called carbonic anhydrase. A deficiency of zinc in layer and breeder diets leads to a lower enzymatic activity of carbonic anhydrase, increasing the occurrence of cracked eggs and shells with pigmentation defects....
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1. INTRODUCTION Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica is the most common cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis, a disease characterised by gut inflammation and self-limiting diarrhoea in humans (Winter et al., 2010). It is estimated that gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella spp. accounts for 93.8 million human cases worldwide each year (Majowicz et al., 2010). Worldwide, contaminated food products of animal origin, particularly egg and egg products, are...
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Zinc is an essential trace element involved in many biological activities. The ingredients that are commonly used in feed do not contain enough zinc, and even may include factors that limit its absorption; therefore, supplementation with zinc is indispensable. Zinc plays a key role in...
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Vitamin D3, also known as cholecalciferol, is the inactive form of vitamin D that is ingested through the diet. It is converted to the active form following a two step-process: the first step occurs in the liver, thanks to the enzyme 25-hydroxylase; the second step takes place in the...
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Back in 2019, Shell Egg Academy (SEA) was born out of conversations with egg companies about the training and education needs they have for their managers and employees.
Together with a planning team from various egg companies, academia and regulatory agency folks, we have learned a lot about how to structure our courses. It is our commitment that SEA continues to be the place to get up to speed on all of the latest information and training on egg production and egg food...
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1. Introduction In Pakistan, the poultry production sector in the form of eggs and meat is playing a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the supply and demand of animal protein. Presently this sector is producing 1681.64 metric tonnes of meat and 16,797 million eggs and these figures are in a constant increase [1]. Previously, egg production was limited to the backyard poultry, where desi hens having little potential for this very economical trait were used. The addition of...
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INTRODUCTION Large variations exist in the literature on the recommended Ca and P dietary requirement for laying hens 1 . The Ca requirement was reduced from a previous suggested intake of 3.75 2 to 3.25 g h −1 day −1 by NRC 3 after decades of consistently increasing the Ca intake requirement. The available P or non-phytate P (NPP) requirement for commercial layers was also reduced to 250 mg h −1 ...
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Introduction Protein is a major component of animal tissues and products. Thus, adequate intake of dietary protein is essential to optimise growth, production performance, and feed efficiency in poultry. Soybean meal is most commonly used protein source and used around 20-30 % in poultry feed. Now days protein feed ingredients like soybean meal are consistently increasing in cost; so protein has become one of the most expensive nutrients in poultry diet. After feed consumed by...
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Introduction Dermanyssus gallinae (de Geer, 1778), often called the poultry red mite (PRM), is highly prevalent in most parts of the world, especially in farms of laying hens (Sparagano et al., 2009; Sigognault-Flochlay et al., 2017). In uncontrolled conditions PRM populations can grow to very high numbers, commonly reaching up to 50,000 parasites per bird (Sparagano et al., 2014). Especially at night, adult PRM and nymph stages bite hens to suck blood (Sparagano et al.,...
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Join us virtually the week of August 15, 2022 for the Shell Egg Academy (SEA), which will provide interactive class sessions on egg quality and food safety for farmers and egg companies producing and processing table eggs. Sessions will be held on Zoom.
Virtual SEA will...
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Eggs are an incredible source of nutrients and a valued food worldwide. With their unique nutritional profile, eggs are part of a sustainable solution to feeding the world. According to Urner Barry’s Reporter, U.S. consumers make purchases based on their understanding of on-farm...
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Comparative life cycle assessment of amino acid use in pig, broiler and egg production. In 2015, Evonik reported a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of methionine, lysine, threonine, tryptophan and valine in broiler and pig...
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The eggshell consists of 95% calcium carbonate, the necessary calcium is obtained from the feed or the bones of the layer. Calcium is absorbed in the intestine and its absorption and metabolism are regulated by vitamin D. To avoid related problems, regular supplementation with calcium and vitamin D3 is recommended. PlusVet Animal Health developed PhytoMax © which is a combination of vitamins, calcium in chelate form, microminerals and essential oils to add to the drinking water of layers and...
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INTRODUCTION In recent years, interest in the welfare of hens has been increasing. The public and activist groups than by scientific evidence have influenced much of current European legislation on the welfare of laying hens more. These groups proposed that the European Union abolish the cage housing system by the enriched cage system (750 cm 2 of surface per bird); where the hens also have perches and nesting material (Bulmer y Gil, 2008). In this regard, in the...
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