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Newcastle disease
Newcastle disease is a severe, systemic, and fatal viral disease of poultry due to virulent strains of avian paramyxovirus type 1. Clinical signs in unvaccinated birds include sudden death, lethargy, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis is based on laboratory confirmation. Vaccines prevent clinical signs but not infection, and the control of the disease is challenging in enzootic regions. Newcastle disease (ND) is an infection of domestic poultry and other bird species with virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV). Newcastle disease is not a food safety or public health concern. Virulent NDV is capable of producing a devastating disease in domestic fowl, with vast social and economic consequences. It is a worldwide problem that presents primarily as an acute respiratory disease; however, depression, nervous signs, or diarrhea may be the predominant clinical form. Severity of ND depends on the virulence and genetic type of the infecting virus and host susceptibility.
INTRODUCTION Inactivated vaccines are commonly used in poultry as part of a comprehensive vaccination protocol. These vaccines are capable of inducing high antibody titers, which can protect against systemic infections and are transferred from breeder hens to their progeny as maternal antibodies. In order to increase the immunogenicity, these vaccines contain adjuvants. The most common adjuvants in poultry vaccines are aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum) and...
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INTRODUCTION Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is Avian avulavirus type-1 that belongs to the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae (Swayne and Glisson, 2013). Newcastle disease virus isolates vary in their pathogenicity to chickens and may include at least 3 pathotypes; lento-genic (low virulence), mesogenic (moderate virulence), and velogenic (high virulence). Velogenic NDV remain a major threat to the poultry industry because of high mortality and reduced egg production...
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Introduction Newcastle disease (ND) is considered one of the most important poultry viral diseases in terms of worldwide distribution and economic impacts. The NDV is classified into lentogenic, mesogenic, and velogenic strains according to the pathogenicity in chickens. The NDV is classified as a member of the orthoavulavirus genus of subfamily Avulavirinae in the Paramyxoviridae family. Its genome is single-stranded negative-sense RNA of...
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1. Introduction Newcastle Disease (ND) is considered one of the most critical diseases affecting poultry in sub-Saharan Africa. An important number of outbreaks per year are projected for some countries in the area, with a significant economical negative impact and deterioration of food security [1–3]. Immunization with inactivated or live-attenuated ND vaccines, although protective, has some disadvantages such as the production of vaccines using specific pathogen-free...
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The poultry industry constitutes a significant sector of Egypt agriculture. In Egypt, millions of birds are produced yearly with a value exceeding LE 60 billion. Broiler chickens are the largest segment of the industry. Birds raised under commercial conditions are vulnerable to environmental exposure to a number of diseases. Therefore, disease prevention by vaccination is an important part of flock health management protocols. Active immunization using live vaccines is the current industry...
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Introduction In Egypt, poultry sector is the fastest growing industry, with over 90 billion Egyptian pound investments. (1$ = approximately 17 L.E.) (Sabry, 2019). It provides the country with the greatest part of its meat production, in addition to job opportunities for approximately 3 million employees (Sabry, 2019). Several pathogenic agents affect the poultry and associated with severe losses in the poultry production in Egypt specially Newcastle virus,...
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Definition: Vaccination is an idea to enhance the protective immunity In an organism by inoculating an antigen or substance. History: The word vaccination is derived from a Latin word “vacca” meaning “cow”. Old females of Turkish nomads used to keep a needle (immersed in small pox lesion) with them. They used to use these needles to scratch the newborn. The newborn would develop a disease little bit but after some time newborn would...
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Newcastle disease (ND) is caused by virulent strains of the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), also recently designated as the Avian Orthoavulavirus 1 (AOAV-1). It is one of the most devastating disease of poultry and wild birds. Phylogenetic analyses clearly distinguish historical isolates (obtained prior to 1960) from currently circulating viruses of class II genotypes V, VI, VII, and XII to XVIII. Genotype VII is predominant in the Middle East Region (Radwan et al....
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A recent study by Butt and others demonstrates that random next generation sequencing can be successfully used for diagnostic identification and genotyping of Newcastle disease viruses present in paraffin embedded fixed (FFPE) chicken tissues.
Dr. Afonso’s team used this approach to characterize the Newcastle disease virus genomes from field collected samples obtained during disease outbreaks in commercial poultry in Pakistan. The feasibility of FFPE tissues to provide quality...
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Performance of broilers fed AGP free diets supplemented with a direct-fed microbial under hot climate
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Background Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) subtype H9N2 virus is widespread worldwide, being endemic in poultry populations in Asia and the Middle East. The first isolation of H9N2 virus in Egypt was obtained from the apparently healthy commercial bobwhite quail flock (A/quail/Egypt/113413v/2011/H9N2) in May 2011 [17]. Later on, the virus was isolated from commercial broiler, broiler breeder and layer flocks [27, 32]. H9N2 AIV infection in broilers causes reduction of...
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Yasser Hussein, Poultry Manager - Middle East - at Phileo Lesaffre, points out some benefits of using Safmanman ®, a premium yeast fraction which Improves gut health and helps farmers to face Newcastle disease, during VIVI MEA 2018, in Abu Dhabi. United Arab Emirates.
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Introduction Maternal immunity for Newcastle Disease (ND) can be quantified with Haemagglutination Inhibition(HI) test. Titres are expressed as log 2 values. Titres in a group are analysed statistically and mean titre in a group depicts status of flock immunity. Quantification of HI titre at day old age and subsequent quantification at weekly interval can determine the maternal antibody interference in normal...
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Viscerotropic form of ND.. Heamorrhagic diphteritic lesions of entire alimentary tract were pictured in this photograph....
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This is septicemic deadly virus of poultry which affect chicken " especially younger ones" - Turkey – quills – pigeon and rarely duck. This viruses is belonged to Family called paramoxy viruses sero type I ( A P M v-1) Paramoxy viruses classified into: A- paramoxy virus ( pro type . ND viruses ) ...
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1. Introduction Newcastle disease is considered the number one disease constraint to poultry production in low and middle-income countries [1]. In these areas, chickens often serve as important protein sources and commodities to be sold or traded. Pathogens are not the only challenge in small-scale poultry production in these resource-limited settings. Heat stress also has a negative impact [2]. Immune response is known to be negatively modulated by heat stress...
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Background Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious and fatal disease that affects poultry and other avian species worldwide [1]. Virulent strains of NDV are capable of causing high mortality (up to 100%) in non-vaccinated chickens [1]. NDV is a member of the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae in the order of Mononegavirals [2]. This virus has a nonsegmented single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome, which contains a 3′- leader...
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Patti J. Miller, Veterinary Medical Officer at the Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory (USDA), presented her research on Newcastle disease virus, clinical signs, strains and vaccines, during ANECA 2017....
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Introduction: Newcastle disease in chicken is caused by an avian paramyovirus serotype 1 (APMV1), it is one of the most economically and prevalent pathology around the world. It was first identified in Java (INDONESIA) in 1926 and 1927 in Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England. However, it may have been...
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ABSTRACT
Infectious diseases are one of the main factors constraining the birds sector. In Iraq, pigeons are facing various diseases such as Newcastle disease (ND). Therefore, the experiment was carried out at the animal house, college of veterinary medicine/ University of Kufa to find the effect of fish oil on the immune response and antibody production against ND in pigeons daily oral administrated fish oil. Thirty male pigeons (Zigil...
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