Dr. Vikram Vakharia

IntroductionAvian influenza viruses (AIV) infect animals and humans [1] and thus are of major relevance under the one health context. They are enveloped viruses belonging to Alphainfluenzavirus from Orthomyxoviridae family [2]. These negative sense and single-stranded RNA viruses present a genome that is fragmented into eight segments which encode for eleven proteins. These proteins possess indivi ...

BackgroundInfectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is the causative agent of a contagious fish disease by the same name and is responsible for economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. In 2015, this viral agent represented about 30% of disease diagnoses reported from Chilean salmon farming centers and caused about 8% of pathogen-associated mortalities [1]. Infections with IPNV main ...

BackgroundNewcastle disease virus (NDV) is the causal agent of a highly contagious and fatal disease that affects poultry and other avian species worldwide [1]. Virulent strains of NDV are capable of causing high mortality (up to 100%) in non-vaccinated chickens [1]. NDV is a member of the genus Avulavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae in the order of Mononegavirals [2]. This virus has a nonsegmen ...