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Avian influenza
Avian influenza is a viral infection found in domestic poultry and a wide range of other birds. Wild waterfowl and shorebirds are often subclinically affected carriers of the virus. In poultry, low-pathogenicity strains can cause subclinical infections; however, some strains typically cause respiratory signs or decreased egg production. Highly pathogenic strains may cause widespread organ failure and sudden death, often with high mortality rates. Diagnosis is based on detection of the viral genome or specific antibodies or on virus isolation. Antimicrobials may help control secondary bacterial infection in flocks affected by low-pathogenicity strains. Antiviral drugs are not approved or recommended. Prevention is best accomplished by biosecurity measures. Vaccines matched for antigenic type can greatly increase resistance to infection, prevent clinical signs, and decrease viral shedding in infected flocks.
Drinking water is one of the transmission methods of Avian Influenza (AI). Water sources can be contaminated by infected materials and transmitted to poultry farms. The risk of the chicken being exposed to the virus via water is high. When AI hit the poultry industry in the US in 2015, water samples were tested positive for the virus. Taking samples from poultry drinking water lines is an efficient way to conduct avian influenza surveillance. Water treatment is an important control strategy...
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Chanelle Taylor (Cargill) talks to Sam Shafer (PSA) about Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) and how it has severely impacted the poultry industry's birds, products, and the mental health of workers. Let's Squawk About It is a monthly interview segment by the Poultry Science Association....
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Sampling chicken in rural Nepal to screen for Newcastle and Influenza A virus....
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by Sam Shafer
Disinfecting vehicle surfaces appears to help control viral spread
In 2016 and 2017, duck farmers in France faced the grim reality of having to depopulate their flocks due to avian influenza outbreaks. A study conducted at the time showed that the trucks and crates used for bird transport during this disease-control effort were often not decontaminated correctly.
In 2020 and 2021 came another wave of...
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Bob Christie / Associated Press
Arizona officials have confirmed the first cases in the Southwest of a bird flu that has led to the deaths of 37 million birds from commercial farms in the central and eastern U.S.
The disease was spotted after tests by federal wildlife officials on three wild cormorants that had been found dead in a park in Scottsdale, Arizona Game & Fish Department officials announced this week.
The disease has not yet been found...
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Dr. Stephen Adejoro (Livestock Industry Foundation for Africa) shares with Engormix members his thoughts on how to prevent an outbreak in developing countries....
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By Carly Alyse Mirabile for CAES News
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , new outbreaks of avian influenza (flu) have been detected in U.S. aquatic birds, commercial poultry and backyard flocks since January. Although avian influenza is not a threat to human health or food safety in Georgia, avian flu presents a risk to all poultry operations, from...
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Introduction Exosomes are membrane vesicles, approximately 40–100 nm in diameter, and present in most biological fuids [1–3]. Exosomes are derived from multivesicular bodies (MVBs) to form intraluminal vesicles (ILVs), which are then released into the extracellular environment as exosomes after fusion with the plasma membrane [3]. Lipids and proteins are the main components of exosomes and various nucleic acids, such as mRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs), and other...
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1. Introduction Low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtype H9N2 is the most prevalent LPAIV in poultry in the world [1–3]. Although wild waterfowl are the natural host of avian influenza, H9N2 is a relatively uncommon subtype in wild birds. The first H9N2 virus in domestic poultry was isolated from turkeys in the 1960s in the United States of America (USA) and only sporadic reports from poultry were reported until the 1990s [4]. In the mid-1990s H9N2 was first...
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by Sam Shafer
Avian influenza outbreaks in the United States are rare, but when the virus strikes, the results are devastating. The disease spreads very rapidly, and producers must rely on quarantine-and-cull to try to limit the damage. A 2015 outbreak led to an estimated loss of over 48 million birds.
While there are vaccines to prevent avian influenza, it would be very challenging to administer them via inject to entire flocks. Adding to the problem, the...
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I. INTRODUCTION Avian influenza viruses (AIVs), subdivided into Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza (LPAI) and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI), are diseases of major concern to domestic chickens worldwide (Hansbro et al., 2010). LPAI is known to circulate naturally in wild birds of the order Anseriformes (waterfowl) and Charadriiformes (shorebirds) and can potentially mutate into HPAI once transmitted to chickens (East et al., 2008). Reducing direct and indirect contact...
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Udi Ashash (Director of Global Technical Services, Phibro Vaccines) shared the experience of Israel with highly pathogenic and low pathogenic AI, and the development of vaccines, during the Avian Influenza International Seminar 2017 in Buenos Aires, Argentina....
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I would be grateful if somebody mentioned the reasons behind the erroneous procedure of Elisa test that show positive AI titer in day-old chick from non vaccinated breeder. An external control was used and it was within the range. Thanks and regards ...
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In the wake of news reports that seven workers at a poultry farm in Russia are the first humans to be infected with the H5N8 strain of avian influenza, the International Poultry Council believes it is important to reassure consumers that poultry meat is safe to eat.
Avian influenza is a known potential zoonotic disease and there are internationally established measures in place that ensure food safety and the proper handling and cooking of poultry, as well as worker safety and...
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Background Avian influenza (AI) is an infectious viral disease that mainly affects the respiratory or digestive system. The avian influenza viruses (AIV) affect different species of wild and domestic birds [1]. They belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family, having a single stranded RNA genome composed of eight segments that code for more than 11 viral proteins. The Hemagglutinin (HA) and the neuraminidase (NA) genes code for the major virus surface glycoproteins [2]. Based on their...
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What is avian influenza?
Avian influenza (AI) is a viral disease affecting birds, including several species of domestic poultry, as well as pet and wild birds. While AI viruses are highly species-specific, on certain occasions they have crossed the species barrier and have been isolated from mammalian species, including humans. The many strains of AI viruses can generally be classified into two categories according to the...
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1. Introduction The poultry industry has been suffering from several pathogens in Egypt during recent decades, including avian influenza viruses (AIV) that may be either highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAIV; H5N1, H5N2, H5N8) or low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAIV; H9N2) viruses, velogenic Newcastle disease virus (vNDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV; variant 1, variant 2, and classic wild virus), infectious bursal disease (either variant or virulent virus),...
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Introduction Avian influenza is a highly contagious worldwide zoonosis caused by avian influenza A virus (AIV) (Wlliams, 2016). This virus is a single strand RNA, negative sense, segmented virus that belongs to the family Orthomyxoviridae (Swayne and Glisson, 2013). Type-A influenza virus is isolated from birds and is termed avian influenza or avian flu (Alexander, 2000). The influenza virus contains two main surface segments, hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N) segments...
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I would be grateful if somebody tell me the pattern of Ab- titre following AI infection in chickens 1-Does Ab-titre raise immediately after infection of chicken? 2-For how long does the raised titre persist and does it undergo regression to base line antibody titre before it escalate again? ...
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