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Swine nutrition
Pigs require a number of essential nutrients to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and other functions. However, factors such as genetic variation, environment, availability of nutrients in feedstuffs, disease levels, and other stressors may increase the needed level of some nutrients for optimal performance and reproduction.
Swine require six general classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, protein (amino acids), minerals, and vitamins. Energy, although not a specific nutrient, is an important nutritional component and is primarily derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. In addition, amino acids (from protein) that exceed the animal’s requirements for maintenance and tissue protein synthesis provide energy when their carbon skeletons are oxidized. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, microbial supplements (prebiotics and probiotics), enzymes, and other feed additives are often added to swine diets to increase the rate and efficiency of gain, to improve digestibility, and for other purposes, but they are not considered nutrients.
Pigs require a more concentrated diet and should be fed a less-fibrous feed than cattle, sheep, or horses. As they grow, their nutritional requirements change and the diet should meet their needs in various phases of growth and stages of production.
Introduction With costs of pig production under increasing pressure, the nutrition of young pigs is of increasing interest, as this period is critical to the subsequent performance of the animals through to market. Optimising growth rate and feed efficiency at this time are therefore key requirements for success in today´s animal production systems. While antibiotics are available to assist in improving growth during...
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With an increasing awareness of environmental contamination, trace minerals have come to the forefront for further research. Public concerns are mainly related to soil (accumulation and runoff of minerals from land where manure is applied), water (surface and ground water), and air quality issues (Stalder et al., 2004). To date, pigs have been fed concentrate diets, formulated to provide a margin of excess trace minerals and other nutrients in order...
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The survival of neonate piglets depends directly on the acquisition of maternal immunity via colostrum, and milk affording systemic and mucosal protection, respectively. Whereas colostral IgG are mainly due to accumulation of blood IgG in the acini of the mammary gland at the end of pregnancy, milk IgA originates from plasma cells; according to their homing receptors these cells orginate form separate mucosal compartments in the respiratory tract and intestine....
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Abstract Clostridium difficile is an important cause of enteric disease in humans. In pigs Clostridium difficile can cause neonatal enteritis and can be isolated from faeces from diseased and healthy animals. According to recent research, isolates from humans and animals show genetic and phenotypic overlap. In The Netherlands, strains isolated from diseased piglets were indistinguishable from strains isolated from Dutch patients. These...
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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It is now well recognized that the gastrointestinal tract of the pig is colonized by an abundant and taxonomically diverse microbial community. Because each of the species of organisms in the intestine possess a different "tool box" of metabolic capabilities, the relative proportion of different species of organisms changes in response to a variety of factors including age, diet composition, rearing environment and possibly genotype. Indeed, chemical composition...
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Hi everybody, I have started raising pigs and I would like to make my own feed since I have maize, sorghum, soya and wheat bran. I´m new in this. I have 6 sows and 1 boar. Any advice? ...
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French feed additive firm Lesaffre held its second international symposium about nutrition in Lille, northern France, on November 8-9. After a first symposium dedicated to ruminant in 2010, Lesaffre chose this year to focus on pig nutrition, specifically "the benefits of live yeast in pig feed or how nutrition helps to improve health."
The symposium attracted more than 200 nutritionists from feed firms and research centers....
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Probiotics, including live yeast and lactic acid bacteria cultures, have been reported to improve performance of weaned piglets. Milk replacer supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sc 47 (Actisaf) and fed to weaned piglets showed improved postweaning growth and reduced number of enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) in piglets after weaning, suggesting an immunomodulatory role of Sc 47. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Sc 47 dietary...
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SUMMARY Crude glycerin is a by-product of the biodiesel production, which has been shown to be a good energy source for swine. There is variability in the energy available from crude glycerin, which is partially explained by the glycerin content of the crude glycerin. Up to 15% crude glycerin has been fed to pigs without negative consequences. Methanol, which is potentially toxic to swine, will be present in varying...
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ABSTRACT This experiment was conducted to determine three levels of lysine with three levels of methionine on growth performance of finishing pig. Treatment diets were calculated for 3 levels of lysine (0.780, 1.025 and 1.270 %) and 3 levels of methionine (0.240, 0.315 and 0.390 %). Thirty-three crossbred pigs (Large white X Landrace X Duroc, 67.00 kg average body weight) were used. Twenty-seven pigs were used as experimental diet ( 9 treatments, 3...
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In a time with very high feedstuff prices it is extremely relevant to focus on the possibilities rendered by a better feed conversion. If the feed efficiency is increased by 0.1 per kg gain it results in app. 2 Euros extra in gross margin for one finishing pig It is obvious that slaughter pig production is an area, in which a better feed economy provides the most apparent effect, the issue is, however, not less important for sows and...
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There can be little doubt that dietary habits in western populations have changed dramatically since the middle of the last century. Current trends are driven by convenience and changing domestic practices. Vegetarianism is on the increase, especially in younger females, and red meat consumption has fallen in response to BSE awareness and its possible link with vCJD. For example, vegetarianism in the UK currently stands at 5% of the population, with the figures...
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Karsten Rasmussen, Regional Manager of Vitfoss, speaks about the company and its products, especially minerals for pigs at SPACE 2011. ...
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Vitfoss a dynamic and innovative company specialized in premixes of vitamin and mineral, presents Funbar Station a solution to prevent and reduce tail biting, fighting and ear sucking in pigs....
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APIs and Vitamin MARKET - The weak demand for the APIs
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Introduction Longevity of a breeding female is influenced by a wide variety of factors, one of which is the nutritional management of the female throughout her productive life. In modern pork production, the female becomes a part of the breeding herd at birth. Hopefully, several reproductive cycles follow before her removal from the breeding herd. A sound feeding program focuses nutrition throughout the whole life span of...
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Introduction It is now accepted that weaning simultaneously subjects piglets to nutritional (e.g. loss of sow´s milk), psychological (e.g. mixing and moving) and environmental (e.g. change in ambient temperature) stressors and that these and other stressors contribute to growth depression typically observed immediately after weaning. Reducing this post-weaning growth lag is critical as it not only affects...
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The high-yielding sow faces many challenges in order to secure that as many piglets as possible are weaned at a satisfactory weaning weight. ● A large number of foetuses may result in prolonged farrowing ● Many and large piglets may result in skinny sows Prolonged farrowings Increasing litter sizes prolong the time of farrowing. A good and problem-free farrowing is among other things secured by...
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ABSTRACT Pork producers market their pigs to pork processors that provide premiums and discounts based on predicted carcass lean yield. Recently, some marketing grids have been developed that provide maximum payment for pigs of a specific predicted lean yield percentage. The gilts of some of the leanest, most feed efficient genetic populations are too lean and may be discounted 5 to 6 percent relative to...
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Weight and backfat losses, during lactation, are reduced when lactating sows receive a feed containing Rovabio Excel, a NSP enzyme developed by Adisseo.
Six trials throughout the world, concerning more than 500 sows, with different genetics, different feed compositions, various ages at weaning, prove that on average weight loss can be reduced during lactation by more than 3 kg, and backfat thickness by 24 % from...
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Hello, I’m discussing with my colleagues at the Pork Institute which is the best feeding strategy for piglets, from birth to reproduction. Your opinions will be taken into consideration in our study. Thank you Dr. Taylor ...
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