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Swine nutrition
Pigs require a number of essential nutrients to meet their needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction, lactation, and other functions. However, factors such as genetic variation, environment, availability of nutrients in feedstuffs, disease levels, and other stressors may increase the needed level of some nutrients for optimal performance and reproduction.
Swine require six general classes of nutrients: water, carbohydrates, fats, protein (amino acids), minerals, and vitamins. Energy, although not a specific nutrient, is an important nutritional component and is primarily derived from the oxidation of carbohydrates and fats. In addition, amino acids (from protein) that exceed the animal’s requirements for maintenance and tissue protein synthesis provide energy when their carbon skeletons are oxidized. Antibiotics, chemotherapeutic agents, microbial supplements (prebiotics and probiotics), enzymes, and other feed additives are often added to swine diets to increase the rate and efficiency of gain, to improve digestibility, and for other purposes, but they are not considered nutrients.
Pigs require a more concentrated diet and should be fed a less-fibrous feed than cattle, sheep, or horses. As they grow, their nutritional requirements change and the diet should meet their needs in various phases of growth and stages of production.
Summary Dietary fatty acids have been shown to be potent mediators of physiological processes related to body composition, brain and cognitive development as well as immune function. There is emerging evidence to suggest that type of fat fed during gestation as well as the relative proportions of different fatty acids in the diet influence these outcomes. More recently, nutritionists have investigated the potential benefits of fatty acids for their...
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Introduction
The incidence of zearalenone (ZEA) contamination in animal feeds is increasing in many countries. Therefore, understanding the biological effects of ZEA in addition to its estrogenic effects in pigs becomes important for hog producers.
Material and Methods
Two experiments (EXP) were conducted to investigate the effects of...
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Conclusion
Claw lesions are an important cause of lameness in sows. Claw lesions that penetrate the corium increase the potential for inflammatory response and are associated with pain, lameness and decreased productivity. Lameness and reproductive failure are two of the most prominent reasons for early removal from the sow herd. Feeding and management to help prevent claw lesions and lameness should begin...
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Introduction
To estimate energy requirements for growing pigs, information is required about the partitioning of energy intake between body protein deposition (PD), body lipid deposition (LD) and maintenance energy requirements. These aspects are likely to vary between pig genotypes (PG). Metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance (MEm) may be estimated from physical or chemical body composition. The...
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Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets
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INTRODUCTION
In view of organic livestock farming, Greece has many advantages in comparison to the other European countries, the temperate climate and the wide and rich ecosystems in countryside. For thousands of years, outdoor pig farming has been one of the most important livestock production sectors in Greece. Since the 60s, the introduction of high-yielding pig genotypes,...
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Based on original publication by Bob Thaler and Hans Stein Due to changes in crop rotations, field peas are now more commonly grown in central South Dakota. Depending on variety, they can either be sold for human consumption or fed directly to livestock. Beef producers can bale the entire plant and feed it as a forage to ruminants, and swine producers can use the seed as a protein and energy source. ...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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The most important components of a swine herd health management program appear to be all-in/all-out pig flow, segregated weaning, vaccinations, biosecurity and sanitation. However, these powerful tools are often inadequate and other tools are needed. Antibiotics are also important for protecting pig health, whether delivered through the feed or other routes, but legitimate concerns about antibiotic resistance are bringing pressure on the pig industry to reduce their...
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The most important components of a swine herd health management program appear to be all-in/all-out pig flow, segregated weaning, vaccinations, biosecurity and sanitation. However, these powerful tools are often inadequate and other tools are needed. Antibiotics are also important for protecting pig health....
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Praful Kumar from Ayurvet, talks to Engormix.com about the use of herbal formulation for pig health care at Pig Focus Asia 2010. ...
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How important is adding phosphate to the diets of pigs? Do they not get some of this out of the soil if free range? If free range then the farmer may have applied it at each cropping period and surely there is possibility that a build up of phosphate might be available to the pig. If given to the pig in their diets how long does it take to build up in the soil and what are the effects on the environment or can the pigs use this phosphate in the...
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ABSTRACT The high cost of feed ingredients, the use of non-renewable sources of phosphate and the dramatic increase in the environmental load resulting from the excessive land application of manure are major challenges for the livestock industry. Precision feeding is proposed as an essential approach to improve the utilization of dietary nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrients and thus reduce feeding costs and nutrient excretion. Precision...
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Introduction The aim of efficient pig production is to maximize growth, which can be aided by the inclusion of specific growth promoting substances to the feed. Yakrifit (Ayurvet Limited, India), a polyherbal product containing ingredients Andrographis paniculata, Eclipta alba, Picrorhiza kurroa, Phyllanthus niruri, Tephrosia purpurea, Boerhaavia diffusa are documented for their hepatoprotective, hepatoregenrative, hepatostimulant properties and...
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A recent trial conducted in Brazil on pigs aged between 49 and 144 days confirms that including Rovabio ® Max, Adisseo’s multi enzymatic product in a corn-based diet improves the average daily gain, feed conversion and carcass quality of the pigs. Enzyme supplementation is efficient in reducing costs, by lowering nutrient content of the corn-soybean diets without compromising performance. The use of...
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Introduction Rice bran is a non-traditional, widely available feed ingredient regarded as a source of energy (Agudelo, 2009). It has been reported that up to 30% inclusion of rice bran in diets of growingfi nishing pigs does not depress growth performance and increases profi t margin (Lekule et al., 2001). The energy content of rice bran is equivalent to about 85% of the net energy in corn (2,040 vs. 2,395 kcal/kg, respectively; NRC, 1998). Rice...
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Fermentation products of Cordyceps militaris enhance performance and modulate immune response of weaned piglets
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Introduction There is a growing interest in the production of high quality dry-cured meat products for niche market, sometimes associated to the production of autochthonous pig breeds. This requires the production of fat pigs slaughtered at heavy weight (140-160 kg), where fat content and composition play a determinant role in the nutritive, sensory and technological quality of the meat (López Bote, 1998). Fat pigs...
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For more than a century nutritionists have been interested in the effect that dietary electrolyte balance has on animal health and performance. It is nowadays well established that the dietary electrolyte balance represents a challenging area that allows nutritionists to adapt diets of production animals according to their physiological stage and also to environmental challenges such as heat stress. Electrolytes have four important physiological...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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Dr. John Vignes, president and owner of Advanced Birthright Nutrition, Inc, speaks about baby pig milk replacer and colostrum management at Porciandina 2011 in Ecuador....
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Background The mammary gland (MG) secretion is essential for the survival of neonatal mammals [1]. This organ is a tertiary extralymphoid tissue with non-organised lymphoid components [1,2]. Its vasculature and epithelium expand in size during gestation and lactation. In all mammalian species, this gland is colonised by T and B lymphocytes [3-6]. T lymphocytes accumulate in the MG during gestation whereas B cells and their plasma cell derivatives...
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Since pigs are mammals, is it good to feed them with fruits and if it is, what fruits and how do we go about this? ...
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