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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
1. Introduction Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are small DNA viruses and have four representatives, PCV-1, PCV-2, PCV-3, and tentatively, PCV-4. PCV-1 is known as non-pathogenic for pigs [1], while PCV-2 has been associated with several conditions known as porcine circovirus diseases (PCVDs) [2]. PCVDs include PCV-2 systemic disease (PCV-2-SD), PCV-2 reproductive disease (PCV-2-RD), porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS), and PCV-2 subclinical infection (PCV-2-SI) [2]....
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1. Introduction African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease of domestic and wild suids currently threatening the global porcine industry [1,2]. Considered a notifiable disease to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), it has advanced remarkably in Africa, Europe, and Asia in recent years [3]. ASF is caused by an icosahedral, double-stranded DNA virus, the only member of the family Asfarviridae and the genus Asfivirus [4]. The current spread of African swine fever...
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1. Introduction Childhood obesity has been traditionally associated with affluent social environments in highly developed countries. Currently, it is scattering with respect to children from all social statuses in both developed and developing countries. Hence, there is an urgent necessity to tackle this health problem; mainly because overweight and obese children are prone to develop cardiometabolic disorders in infancy, youth and adulthood [1]. The pathogenic mechanisms...
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1. Introduction African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the only member of the virus family Asfarviridae, and is the etiological agent that causes African swine fever (ASF). This large double-stranded DNA virus has more than 150 open reading frames (ORFs) that are encoded in the 180–190 kilobase genome. ASF disease can range from sub-clinical to lethal depending both on the specific host that is infected and the specific strain of virus [1]. Several sub-Saharan African...
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Selecting the Correct Methionine Source – A Key Index for Successful Pig Production
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BERLIN ( Reuters ) - A first case of African swine fever (ASF) has been found in a wild boar in the eastern German region of Saxony, Germany’s federal agriculture ministry said on Saturday.
The ministry said...
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Dr MEGAN EDWARDS reports studies showing the benefits of spray dried plasma proteins in sow and piglet diets. ...
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Will New Version of GMP Boost the Veterinary Drugs Industry?
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ABSTRACT Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus (PPV) infections cause significant economic losses to the pig industry and are considered the most economically important viral diseases of intensive swine production. Despite numerous reports on both diseases in several countries worldwide, the status of PRRSV and PPV in Nigeria remains largely unknown. Thus, a serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of PRRSV and PPV...
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Swine have a well-developed sense of taste and smell, and they are very picky about what they eat! Listen to Luiz Souza, Technical Manager in Asia Pacific talking about how to improve and sustain feed intake at critical points during swine production. ...
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Paolo Trevisi, Professore Associato from the Bologna University, speaks to us about reducing antibiotic use in pigs with probiotics, during Eurotier 2016, in Hannover, Germany....
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The Allen D. Leman Swine Conference is an annual educational event for the global swine industry. It is internationally acclaimed for bringing science-driven solutions to the complex challenges facing the industry. Each year hundreds of participants from over 20 countries, including swine veterinarians and other professionals working in swine...
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Infection with Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea virus (PEDv) causes severe diarrhea, vomiting, enteritis and high mortality in young pigs and continues to be a serious problem for the swine industry. Contaminated feed can be a source of PEDv transmission, and it may be affected by feed storage time and chemical composition. Combinations of organic acids have been used to control pathogens such as Salmonella . However, there is no data measuring the effect of organic acids on PEDv...
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Selecting the Correct Methionine Source – A Key Index for Successful Pig Production
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1. Introduction Salmonella is one of the most important bacterial zoonotic and coincident food-borne pathogens worldwide and therefore one of the main causes of food-borne diseases in humans, especially caused by the serovars Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium [1,2]. At European the level, no significant increase or decrease in the number of human salmonellosis cases has been observed over the last years (2013–2017) [2]. In 2017, the declining trend of human...
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1. Introduction Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is an important cause of foodborne illness in many countries of the world [1]. STEC infections often cause hemorrhagic colitis and subsequent hemolytic–uremic syndrome (HUS) [2,3]. E. coli O157:H7 was the first STEC serotype recognized to cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of these illnesses [4–6]. Subsequently, non-O157 STEC were recognized as important causes of hemorrhagic colitis and HUS [7]. In the...
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Will New Version of GMP Boost the Veterinary Drugs Industry?
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1. Introduction Streptococcus suis is considered one of the most important bacterial swine pathogens leading to important economic losses to the porcine industry worldwide. S. suis has been reported globally in both traditional and intensive swine operations [1]. Control is based on an alarming overuse of antimicrobials, leading to a dramatic increase of the risk related to antimicrobial resistance. It is also an agent of disease in humans and considered in most OECD...
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1. Introduction Pre-weaning mortality (PWM) is a major economic and productivity challenge for the pig industry. Recent trends for piglets born alive per litter are increasing in the US, while piglets weaned per litter have stayed stable over the past five years [1]; hence, indicating an increasing PWM. PWM is typically greatest during the neonatal phase, or within the first few days after birth in a healthy herd. During this perilous time frame, mortalities may be attributed to...
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1. Introduction Astroviruses are emerging viruses in the family Astroviridae, which is divided into two genera: Avastrovirus andMamastrovirus[1]. Astroviruses are non-enveloped, 28–30 nm positive-sense, single stranded RNA viruses [2] that can cause disease and be detected in the feces from a wide variety of mammals and birds [3–9]. Porcine astroviruses (PoAstVs) are genetically diverse and are distributed worldwide [10] with five genetic lineages...
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1. Swine Melioidosis Melioidosis, an infection endemic to Southeast Asia, northern Australia, and other tropical areas, is caused by the soil-dwelling Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, which is known to contaminate water sources [1]. The infections are cyclic and correlate with rainy seasons, which may be due to environmental disruptions such as flooding. While creating a major health concern for humans, B. pseudomallei is also a threat to various animals...
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Robert Gauthier (WVEPAH) talked about regulations and pork production as well, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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