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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
INTRODUCTION Serious public health and economic issues are related to foodborne pathogens. Many discussions have been raised on the impact of these micro-organisms of food safety in the last decade, among them the role of Salmonella in pork is of major interest (Henao et al ., 2010). Despite technological advances, Salmonella is still an important issue to the pork industry worldwide. Out of the estimated 80.3 million cases of foodborne...
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Introduction Historically, the impact of foreign animal diseases (FADs) on global livestock production and economics has been devastating [1]. In 1997, Taiwan and the Netherlands experienced outbreaks of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Classical Swine Fever (CSF), respectively [2, 3]. In Taiwan, the estimated cost of the FMD outbreak was $379 million, due to the slaughter of over 4 million pigs, approximately 40% of the country’s pig population at the time [2, 4]. In...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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Introduction The pig industry has advanced in the development of precocious genetic lines with better production traits and the weaning of piglets at younger ages (7 - 21 days) (Touchette et al., 2002; Gómez, 2006). As a result, piglets are lighter at weaning and have a less developed digestive system, which makes them more susceptible to digestive problems (Reis et al., 2007a). Early weaning results in a short period of fasting right after weaning, and the...
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ASF ASF is the most deadly pig virus. ASF is also the most costly virus There is no vaccine for ASF. If you get ASF the following will happening 1. quarantine zone will be made from the government, which mean no transport of pigs/ feed and other goods for pigs/ limitation in farm workers moving around 2. All the pigs will be killed and either burnt or buried. 3. The farm will be washed down, this is not a simple job, in some ( or most likely ) the crates have to be moved and plugs be taken...
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Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements for 7- to 11-kg weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet
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Production capacity was restored in the first quarter of the year 2019, and supply was relaxed. At the meantime, as commonly used APIs of veterinary medicines in pig, Tylosin Tartrate, Tilmicosin and Tiamulin, affected by the declining market demand due to significantly reduced pig breeding stock, their market prices started going downward, all the way to a lower level, over the whole year.
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Over the past decade, Salmonella enterica serotype I 4,[5],12:i:- has emerged as a major public health threat in Europe (1) and the United States (2). As a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella I 4,[5],12:i:- was rarely identified before the mid-1990s (3). However, it has now been detected in cattle (4), poultry (5), and swine (4–6), and several human disease outbreaks associated with contaminated pork products have occurred (7–10). Salmonellosis is also...
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Katie Lynn Summers (USDA) talked about the interactions between bacteria and fungi in the gut microbiome, during the 8th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Introduction & objective: Post-weaning Escherichia coli diarrhea (PWD), also called post-weaning enteric colibacillosis, in pigs remains a major cause of economic losses for the pig industry, due to either piglet death, or poor weight gain in surviving piglets [1,2]. PWD typically causes mild to severe watery diarrhea between 5 and 10 days after weaning and is primarily caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The most common adhesins found on ETEC from PWD in pigs are...
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The ban on growth promoters in feed of swine has led to an increase in infections with enteropathogens and as a result in increased use of antibiotics to treat these infections with increase in antibiotic resistance as a consequence. In the search for alternatives, ZnO was found to control the clinical signs of these infections, but its effect on antibiotic resistance and the environment has led to a ban on ZnO that will start in 2020. In the quest for alternatives, increasing resistance...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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The world's food production system has responded magnificently to the need to dramatically increase production during the last few decades, to supply the growing human population of the world. But the challenge continues, driven by both the projected increase in population and the wonderful improvement in living standards and diet quality that will be the fortunate lot of many people in the developing world. The need to continue to increase food production with...
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Timothy Sellnow and Deanna Sellnow (University of Central Florida) explained how to effectively convey information in these circumstances, during 2019 NIAA Annual Conference: Animal Agriculture - Innovation, Technology and Consumer Engagement in Des Moines, Iowa, USA....
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Standardized ileal digestible lysine requirements for 7- to 11-kg weanling pigs fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet
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Elizabeth Parker (Texas A&M University) talked about several of these diseases and the actions to fight them, during the 2019 NIAA Annual Conference: Animal Agriculture - Innovation, Technology and Consumer Engagement in Des Moines, Iowa, USA....
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Introduction Globalization has played an important role in the dissemination of diseases because it allows the mobilization of people, animals and products from one place to another in a short time1. In addition, population growth, deforestation, the introduction of exotic species, changes in land use, habitat fragmentation and alternative tourism have increased the possibility of contact with wild animals, and their consumption by human2. Interactions within the human-animal...
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1. Introduction In-feed supplementation of antibiotics was firstly reported to promote growth in chickens (Moore et al., 1946) and subsequently in pigs (Jukes et al., 1950; Luecke et al., 1950). Since then, antibiotics have been routinely used in livestock production at subtherapeutic levels for disease prevention and growth promotion and are more commonly known as antibiotic growth promoters (Dibner and Richards, 2005). Unfortunately, continuous long-term exposure of gut...
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Dr. Liz Wagstrom (National Pork Producers Council) talked about guidelines for responsible antibiotic use in the swine industry, during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium....
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Dr. Joel Nerem (Pipestone Veterinary Services) explained this producer program to analyze antibiotic resistance, during the 2018 NIAA Antibiotic Symposium....
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INTRODUCTION Blood irrigation is supplied to the heart by the right coronary artery (RCA) and left coronary artery (LCA), which have their origin in the ascending aorta at the level of the respective right and left ostia. The high variation existing in the morphology of these vessels regarding their distribution in the irrigation of the posterior aspect of the heart serves as a basis for the coronary dominance concept (Cavalcanti et al., 1995; Ilia et al., 2001; Ballesteros et...
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Current market review and perspective of Florfenicol, Tilmicocin, vitamins and aminoacids
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Large quantities of liquid effluents are generated during slaughtering and meat processing services related to cleaning equipment and associated facilities and the high levels of organic material in these effluents can severely pollute aquatic environments. Liquid residue processing regimes utilize biological treatment technologies preceded by physical-chemical treatments. Some of these pretreatments use traditional chemical surfactant formulations (based on sodium alkyl benzene...
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Background There are three enteric coronaviruses that can cause gastrointestinal illness in young pigs e.g., transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV) [1]. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus has been present in the United States since 1946, but PEDV and PDCoV were introduced more recently in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The spread of PEDV among swine herds was rapid; and strict biosecurity...
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