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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
I am wondering what causes swine shaking after they eat industrial feed formula, and why most of them die later. Could anyone help me please?? Thanks so much ...
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1. Introduction Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly contagious viral disease that was first recognized almost simultaneously in Western Europe (Wensvoort et al., 1991) and North America in the late 1980s (Keffaber, 1989). The causative agent is PRRS virus (PRRSV), a small single-stranded positive sense RNA virus, classified in the order Nidovirales, family Arteriviridae and genus Arterivirus. Since its appearance,...
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The most important components of a swine herd health management program appear to be all-in/all-out pig flow, segregated weaning, vaccinations, biosecurity and sanitation. However, these powerful tools are often inadequate and other tools are needed. Antibiotics are also important for protecting pig health....
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TYPE I IFNS are a family of cytokines prominent in antiviral responses. In contrast to a single type II IFN, i.e., IFN-γ, type I IFNs consist of multiple subclasses including IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, and IFN-κ (16, 30). Humans have multiple IFN-α subtypes and single-subtype subclasses of IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, and IFN-κ (42). Type I IFNs also include other subclasses with a more limited species...
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INTRODUCTION Producing pigs without using antibiotic growth promoters represents a challenge. Disease problems often are elevated and general performance is compromised on farms practicing non-medicated swine production. That is true in particular during the immediate post-weaning period whereas antibiotics can often be removed from diets fed to growing-finishing swine without introducing major disease problems (Wierup, 2001)....
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For more than a century nutritionists have been interested in the effect that dietary electrolyte balance has on animal health and performance. It is nowadays well established that the dietary electrolyte balance represents a challenging area that allows nutritionists to adapt diets of production animals according to their physiological stage and also to environmental challenges such as heat stress. Electrolytes have four important physiological...
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SIR, - Porcine multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was initially identified and reported in pig herds in Canada a decade ago (Harding 1996); since then, it has been described worldwide, including Argentina, Brazil and Mexico in Latin America (Trujano and others 2001, Zanella and others 2002, Sarradell and others 2002). Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is considered the infectious cause of this disease (Ellis...
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Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome ( PMWS ), also known as porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD) in North America, is an emerging disease of swine that was initially identified in herds in Western Canada during the early 1990s. 3 Major clinical signs associated with the disease, mainly wasting and respiratory distress, have been described in 6- to 16- week-old pigs. 19 The most...
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Introduction Influenza viruses are enveloped, single stranded RNA viruses in the family Orthomyxoviridae . The genome of influenza A viruses consists of eight unique segments of single-stranded RNA, which are of negative polarity (Webster et al ., 1992). The hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are very important for the induction of an antibody response in the host, but...
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Introduction Porcine circoviruses (PCVs) are members of the genus Circovirus included in the family Circoviridae, which comprises small icosahedral non-enveloped viruses with a circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome. There are two types of PCV, namely PCV1 and PCV2. PCV1 is a non-cytopathic contaminant of the PK15 cell line that was first identified in 1974 and described...
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Neonatal diarrhoea in piglets is very common in farrowing units and has been a concern to vets for a number of years.
Associations between pathogenic agents (colibacilli, clostridia, enterococci, parasites...) complicate the diagnosis making laboratory analyses become essential. Against such pathology, classical vaccine solutions are limited. In most of the cases, veterinarians have to set up early preventive antibiotic...
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Since Pleuropneumonia once established on a farm becomes a problem due to high mortality and growth retardation in pigs, it is very important to choose the most desirable method for the prevention and control of this disease, considering financial cost and disease outbreak. What would be the best alternative? Look forward to hearing your opinions! ...
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ABSTRACT This document focuses on the use of a program based on specific avian antibodies to neutralize PRRSV in a multisite farm of 1,100 swine in Central Mexico; farm stability is shown in S/P values. High values when starting program and a decrease as the program continues; also the samples as the program develops along with a repopulation in 2006 and 2007 with 700 replacement sows negative to PRRSV without S/P...
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In 1982 a novel virus, subsequently named porcine circovirus (PCV), was identified by Tischer et al in 1892 (12). PVC is a DNA virus and member of the Circoviridae family. PCV infections may interfere with normal immune function (11). The first description of PMWS was in Saskatchewan in 1991 (6); this syndrome has now been described worldwide. Clinically the syndrome is characterized by wasting, paleness of the skin, dyspnea, diarrhea and icterus (jaundice). In 1997, the presence of...
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The pathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infections in pigs is still not completely understood. PCV2 has a tropism for lymphoid tissues where it is associated with depletion of follicles and histiocytic infiltration thereby accumulating in large numbers mainly in the cytoplasm of macrophages (1).PCV2 belongs to the Circoviridae family and is one of the smallest known single-stranded DNA viruses (2). Since the virus lacks its own enzymes,...
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Escherichia coli (E. coli) are an important cause of disease in new-born and recently weaned piglets. In new-born piglets, severe watery diarrhoea can be caused by enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) producing F4 (K88), F5 (K99), F41 and or F6 (P987) fimbriae. Colibacillosis in weaned piglets is the result of infection with F4+ or F18+ ETEC or F18+ verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC). Besides fimbriae, ETEC produce thermolabile (LT), thermostable a (STa) and/or b (STb)...
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Since parasites in commercial pig herds can cause economic loss to the producer in many ways including: decrease feed efficiency, increase time to market, and decrease carcass value. What would be the main procedures to be adopted to identify a worm problem? Look forward to hearing your experiences! ...
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Veterinarians and pork producers can now help prevent Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) viremia with the convenience of a single dose. New Fostera TM PCV from Pfizer Animal Health is the result of the company's commitment to best practices and continuous quality improvements.
"Nearly all pigs are exposed to PCV2 during their lifetime, so the goal is to create an environment with the least amount of virus present,"...
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Dear users, I would like to invite you all to discuss the methods of reducing the incidence of stillborn piglets. Your participation will be welcome! ...
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Salmonella control has a high priority in European pork production. It is a significant cause of human salmonellosis and causes major economic losses in the pork production chain, through reduced productivity, increased veterinary and hygiene control costs. Preventing the spread of salmonella to the consumer requires special control measures during slaughter and processing. The extra cost of these controls is increasingly being...
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