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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
1. Introduction Morphine and other opioid receptor agonists alter systemic innate and adaptive immune responses and increase host susceptibility to infection [1]. For example, impairments in neutrophil function, macrophage phagocytosis, T lymphocyte cytokine production, and B cell antigen presentation occur after exposure to morphine. In some cases, these effects are mediated through mu-, delta- or kappa-opioid receptors (MOR, DOR, and KOR, respectively), transcripts...
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Introduction The United States swine industry has suffered dramatic losses following the emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in May 2013. The virus is a highly contagious and deadly coronavirus that was only observed in Asian and European swine herds prior to 2013. Due to the high mortality rates (80±100%) in neonates, significant economic losses have been experienced [1, 2]. Traditionally, transmission of PEDV occurs through the fecal-oral route within a...
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The World Health Organization is recommending that farmers and the food industry stop using antibiotics routinely to promote growth and prevent disease in healthy animals.
The new WHO recommendations aim to help preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics that are important for human medicine by reducing their unnecessary use in animals. In...
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Immediately following the news that sales of antibiotics to treat and prevent disease in UK farm livestock have achieved a record low following a 27% reduction over the past two years, targets for further reducing, refining or replacing antibiotic use across the key livestock sectors have been announced at a London...
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A Natural Choice for Growth Enhancement in Farm Animals - 3 ESSDENDIS
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Background The encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) is a nonenveloped positive single-stranded RNA virus. The EMCV serotype is a member of the Cardioviridae genus of the Picornaviridae family [1]. The virus is very resistant and stable in a wide pH-spectrum. The virus may be inactivated in water with 0.5 ppm chloride, iodine and mercury(II)chloride [2]. Infections with EMCV are demonstrated in multiple species, including humans [3]. The natural reservoir consists...
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Dr. Nguyen Van My, Commercial and Technical Director for AVAC -an Ayurvet distributor in Vietnam-, testified about the positive effects induced by the use of Salcochek Pro® among swine herds in Vietnam, during VIV Asia 2017, in Thailand.
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The Swine Health Information Center (SHIC) is supporting a near real-time domestic swine disease monitoring system. The project will generate information useful for economic and animal health decision-making. Data will be analyzed to describe disease activity by major pathogen and/or by clinical syndrome, documenting disease activity (presence, incidence) with respect to geography while maintaining appropriate producer confidentiality.
A joint project between Iowa State University...
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Introduction An ideal technique for the measurement of body growth and composition in livestock animals is noninvasive, non-destructive, accurate, easy to perform and applicable to a wide range of ages and body weights (Ferrell & Cornelius, 1984). Non-invasive, also known as non-destructive, techniques allow tissue changes in the same animal to be followed to study development over different stages. However,...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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The gastrointestinal (GI) tract continues to undergo significant developmental changes in postnatal life. Environmental influences during this critical developmental period, including diet, stress and mucosal injury, have been shown to induce long-term changes in intestinal physiology and disease susceptibility in animal models(1 – 4). Similarly, in human subjects, increasing epidemiological evidence supports the concept that adverse early-life environmental factors, such as stress,...
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Introduction Swine influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by swine influenza viruses (SIV). The symptoms and signs generally include fever, sneezing, nasal rattles, and respiratory distress in pigs. Pigs recover within a few days, but severe signs can develop and mortality can reach up to 10%when highly virulent strains are involved [1] or pigs are infected at young ages [2,3]. Pigs have long been considered to be the intermediate host of various subtype viruses and...
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INTRODUCTION Nontyphoidal salmonellae (NTS) as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium are a leading cause of acute food-borne zoonoses worldwide being responsible for hundreds of millions of cases of gastroenteritis and bacteremia annually (Hohmann, 2001). Pigs are important reservoir of infection for humans as they are asymptomatic carriers of broad host-range serovars of Salmonella (Funk and Gebreyes, 2004; Pires et...
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ABSTRACT: Cordyceps militaris is a rare and exotic medicinal mushroom used in traditional Chinese medicine. The secondary metabolite, cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), produced from Cordyceps militaris is a biologically active compound. Cordycepin has been demonstrated to exert several pharmacological effects, such as anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities. However, the effect of cordycepin on the immune modulation of porcine alveolar...
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Influenza A virus has become a major pathogen, causing epidemics of respiratory disease in humans, which not only result in increased deaths but also raise public health organization alarms regarding the need for further understanding and control of this virus (1). Additionally, the ability of the virus to cross species barriers has raised more concern over the probability of reassortment and generation of highly transmissible viruses that might pose a threat to...
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Introduction Prior to the recognition that pigs and other livestock species can be reservoirs of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) [1], S. aureus was considered a relatively unimportant organism in swine. Mounting concerns regarding the occupational and public health implications of MRSA in livestock populations have stimulated research of MRSA in animals, and particularly pigs, in many...
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A Natural Choice for Growth Enhancement in Farm Animals - 3 ESSDENDIS
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Introduction Background to life stages and metabolism-mediated development The pace and pattern of life stages is the subject of organismal life history, one of biology's most integrative disciplines. The life histories of mammals are described by a number of characteristics, some of which relate to the timing and duration of life stages...
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Unfortunately, the roles of amino acid (AA) in nutrition and metabolism have long been neglected, until the conclusion that the AA glutamine is important for intestinal mucosal integrity and AA arginine is a prerequisite for maximum embryonic development and optimum neonatal growth (Wu, 2010). Traditionally, Amino acids (AA) were classified as nutritionally essential or nonessential for animals and humans based on nitrogen balance or growth. Nutritionally essential AA (EAA) or...
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Stalosan®F is a familiar product in Denmark, but in new markets, Stalosan is tested to demonstrate its value. Independent Brazilian trials with strategic use of Stalosan in the farrowing house show interesting results. These results were presented at a newly held Stalosan-seminar in Bangkok immediately after VIV Asia. The overall conclusion was: Increased weaning weight Lower...
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Introduction Probiotics have been studied as mucosal immune modulators targeting allergy outcomes. Several human probiotic trials tracking eczema and other forms of allergy have yielded inconsistent results [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Interestingly, two studies using the same probiotic, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, with similar study designs, resulted in different outcomes; either a decrease in eczema was observed [1] or no probiotic...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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Introduction Spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) is a dehydrated product obtained from blood of healthy pigs collected at slaughterhouses. Spray dried porcine plasma is a protein source used in pig feed that has many functional components that significantly improves pig performance [1,2]. At a manufacturing plant, plasma is separated from red blood cells by centrifugation,...
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Introduction The Intestinal spirochete Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is the etiological agent of swine dysentery (SD)—a severe mucohemorrhagic colitis of pigs [1] Despite the economic importance of SD and the need to control the disease, knowledge is lacking about metabolic and other adaptations that have allowed the spirochete to successfully colonize the complex and potentially hostile environment...
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