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Introduction In practice, an optimisation program is used to formulate commercial diets to meet the minimum nutrient constraints in order to minimise feed costs. With phytase, potentially unjustifiable high contributions will result in reduction of safety margins or even lead to nutrient and energy deficiencies with a negative impact on animal performance. When applying values, it is important to understand that it is not possible to compare matrices from different phytases...
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Introduction Pork’s historic position as the world’s most popular meat is no more. 2019 was characterized by the explosion of African Swine Fever in China and subsequent slaughter of approximately half of that country’s pigs, representing about 25% of the world's production. Allowing for this catastrophe the exorable rise in the global consumption of chicken ensured it always going to result in its accession to No.1 spot worlds, but...
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Isoleucine Plays a Critical Role in Low-Protein Diets
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Introduction The African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) is deadly to pigs but harmless to humans [1]. ASF is one of the most severe viral diseases affecting pigs worldwide [2-5]. It is considered a “notifiable disease” by the Office International des Epizooties (International Office of Epizootics [OIE] of the World Health Organization because of its high mortality rate of up to 100% [6-8]. ASF causes acute hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and often results in...
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Maternal investment, sow behavioural needs and criteria for housing design The reproductive strategy of producing large broods and smaller young, resulting in a higher mortality rate, fits the picture of domestic pigs remarkably well (reviewed by Drake et al. 2008). The average litter size in domestic sows is around 12 to 14 piglets, but litters of above 20 piglets are not uncommon even in gilts, although the number of functional teats is usually between 14...
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Introduction In a recent detailed review of the factors determining reproductive development in the gilt (Patterson and Foxcroft, 2019), we suggested that “Substantial evidence supports successful management of gilts as an absolutely necessary component of breeding herd management and the pivotal starting point for the future fertility and longevity of the breeding herd”. We also discussed the link between earlier sexual maturation and improved...
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Introduction Although African swine fever (ASF) was first described almost a century ago, controlling the disease has proven to be a challenge, in particular because no vaccine or treatment are available. Spread of ASF can only be prevented by early detection and the application of strict compliance of classical disease control methods, including surveillance, epidemiological investigation, tracing of pigs, stamping out in infected holdings, strict...
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Introduction Influenza A viruses (IAV) are the causative agents of one of the most important viral respiratory diseases in pigs and humans. Human and swine IAV are prone to interspecies transmission, leading to regular incursions from human to pig and vice versa. This bidirectional transmission of IAV has heavily influenced the evolutionary history of IAV in both species. Interspecies transmission of distinct human seasonal lineages, adaptation followed by...
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Introduction The emergence of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the 1980s and early 1990s was a turning point in the ways in which diseases were dealt with in pig farms. The impact of the disease, its rapid spread worldwide (by 1993 the infection was present in America, Europe and Asia) and the unusual features of the virus made evident that a vaccine was urgently needed to try to control the infection. The first vaccine...
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a major viral disease of swine with devastating economic consequences to the swine industry. 1,2 Pigs of all ages are susceptible to PRRS virus, with highly variable clinical manifestations in different age groups of infected pigs, ranging from abortion, anorexia, and pyrexia in pregnant sows to respiratory signs, high mortality, and poor growth in young pigs. 3 Several direct and indirect mechanisms have been...
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Isoleucine Plays a Critical Role in Low-Protein Diets
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Introduction All living organisms depend on the continuous supply of available phosphorus (P) sources for a plethora of metabolic processes. Fertilizer and feed phosphates are obtained to a large extent from rock phosphate. This is a non-renewable resource, and the global distribution of rock phosphate reserves is not uniform. Concurrently, P accumulation in areas with high livestock production density may be harmful to the environment. Hence,...
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Introduction Animals used for food production have been genetically selected for feed intake and muscle development (or milk and egg production) and are therefore divergent from their ancestors. In addition, these animals are reared in conditions that favor fast spread of pathogens. The high uptake of feed and the fast growth make these animals prone to intestinal disorders, what has been neglected in the past because of the use of low doses of...
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Brad Freking (CEO and owner, New Fashion Pork) offered his thoughts on people, processes and systems during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Trey Kellner (Swine Nutritionist at AMVC) will talk about pros and cons, as well as the conditions needed, during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Chad Hastad (New Fashion Pork) discussed ongoing research in this area, during a Swine It interview with host Márcio Gonçalves....
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Introduction Phytases of bacterial origin are the exogenous enzymes most widely used in the diets of monogastric animals, acting on the hydrolysis of phytate (myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis [dihydrogen] phosphate) to release the phosphate from this complex [1,2]. Phytases are commonly developed by means of genetic engineering [3], such as phytase from Escherichia coli expressed in Trichoderma reesei and phytase from Citrobacter braakii expressed in Aspergillus oryzae [2]. They...
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Isoleucine Plays a Critical Role in Low-Protein Diets
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To ensure that accommodations are proper, and health safety protocols are in place, the IPVS2022 Organizing Committee, the world´s leading technical and scientific event in the pig industry, travelled to Rio de Janeiro on an official visit to thoroughly assess the facilities that will host the Congress.
The IPVS first hybrid event is scheduled to place from June 21st to 24th, 2022 at Riocentro Convention Center and is expected to attract approximately 1,500 attendees from all...
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By Fred Miller / University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture
FAYETTEVILLE, Ark. — Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station scientists have developed bacterial cultivation methods to isolate different bacteria from pigs. These methods could be used to culture beneficial bacteria in swine intestinal, or gut, microbiomes that can serve as probiotics to protect or improve the health of pigs.
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