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Dairy cattle - Management practices
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Introduction The very word behavior doesn’t comply with humans only, it is with animals too. Animals, as humans do, also have their typical feeding habits. They behave in different manner to different feeds. Ethology is the name given to the science that deals with animal behavior. Better understanding of Ethology helps us to make better and efficient feeding management which is an inevitable part of a farm operation. Types of ingestive...
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Dr. Kendal Karr, Director of Nutrition Services for Cactus Feeders, located in Amarillo (Texas), USA., talks to us during Phileo's Global Ruminant Symposium on Health & Management in Toulouse, France....
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Introduction As any other Latin American country, bovine brucellosis is a significant animal health problem and a relevant zoonosis in Costa Rica (CR). Consequently, the disease is of veterinary and of public health relevance. Bovine brucellosis (then recognized as “Bang´s disease”) was clinically described in the Central Valley and in the volcanic highlands at the end of the XIX century, when different breeds of cattle were imported from United States and...
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1. Traditional tethered feeding: Mainly centered on cowshed, feeding, resting and milking cows on the same bed. The management of dairy farms is parallel to each other, and a personnel contract is adopted in the mode of the management contract. That is to say, each person contracted 15-25 cows. The feeding, milking, and excrement of these cows are all under the responsibility of one person. Its advantage is that feeding management can be refined. The disadvantage is that it is laborious,...
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Summer losses in milk production are usually related to the negative impact of summer heat stress on the lactating cow. In the last 40 years, some studies realized in different parts of the world showed that also dry cows are negatively affected, when subjected to heat stress conditions. These losses are mainly related to lower milk volume and solids production, as well as fertility traits in early stages of the subsequent lactation. Heat stressed dry cows also suffer from higher incidences...
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1. Introduction Crop husbandry and animal husbandry are two main pillars of Indian agriculture which play crucial role in Indian economy. Animal husbandry particularly dairy development has great potential and prospects for eradicating rural poverty and bringing the rural masses above poverty line. Dairy development can provide employment opportunity to earn livelihood for weaker strata of society [17] and also improve their nutritional status through milk consumption. The major...
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In a survey that we carried out recently in Israel, we found a great variation between farms, in terms of the number of hours along the day the cows are in "heat stress" condition (body temperature above normal). This variation is correlated with cow’s milk yield and breeding performance during summer months. As time in a day, cows face heat stress is longer, the drop in milk production and conception rate in the summer (as compared to winter levels) is greater. In this article,...
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Climate change is one of the most important environmental realities that human faces in this century. Not only because of the effects it has on the different human spheres, but because it represents a challenge for the development model that human has assumed since the industrialization period (Estenssoro 2010 and Lemaire et al. 2019). High temperatures and variations in the relative humidity of the environment are common in tropical summers and are considered as the most influential...
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In a lecture I gave at the 29th Israel Dairy Conference, held in Jerusalem in November 2017, I presented the principles of my work in consulting dairy farms around the world on coping with negative effect of summer heat stress, and the achievements we reached in different countries due to the correct implementation of cow cooling methods. At the beginning of my lecture, I presented the basic conditions for obtaining the best results from cooling the cows, in projects in which I operate,...
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Introduction In field conditions, body condition scoring has been accepted as most satisfactory tool for easy judgment of dairy animals for their energy status as compared to the laboratory methods like estimation of plasma NEFA, BHBA, glucose, urea, protein, etc. but they are laboratory methods which require a well-equipped lab facility, and it is expensive too. BCS is a method commonly used to determine negative energy (NE) balance and in conducting appropriate nutrition...
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The organizers of the upcoming Animal AgTech Innovation Summit spoke to Lyndsay Chapman, Chief Executive at Centre For Innovation Excellence in Livestock about improving animal welfare, maximising animal health interventions and the benefits for animals, farmers and consumers.
In what ways can diversity of...
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Introduction Milk is a liquid consisting of 86-87% water and this means that it is a bulky and heavy commodity. Milk is also produced on a daily basis. As a result, milk requires high cost transportation and there is a cost limit on the range over which it can be sold. It will only keep for a few days, which places a time limit on the period during which it can be used or processed and transformed into more shelf stable products. (Banda, 2010). Milk and milk products play...
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In the last 40 years, Israeli researchers realized comparative studies in order to define the negative effect of heat stress in dairy cows and the effect of using cooling methods to mitigate the heat and reduce the losses in the productivity and fertility of the cows during summer. Recently, an index called "summer to winter ratio" was developed in the Israeli dairy sector. This index allows to...
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Those days are long gone when cows were enclosed within a pen to restrain their movement. Now they are set free at the farm until brought inside the milking area. As for the milking of cows is concerned, it is no longer a back-breaking job.
Nowadays, milking is done with the help of robotic automation, without involving humans. This method significantly alleviates the workload of dairy farmers.
Growth in...
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The Manure Challenge showcased eight international start-ups pitch solutions to capture value from manure-based nutrients, to a live digital audience of more than 450 high profile investors and industry leaders.
Digested Organics was selected by the judging panel as the Winner of the $50,000 non-dilutive prize, announced by Cargill at the end...
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Take Home Messages Dairy or feed efficiency reflects the level of fat-corrected milk yield produced per unit of dry matter consumed with an optimal range of 1.4 to 1.8 pounds of milk per pound of dry matter. Days in milk, age, growth, changes in body condition score, body weight, forage quality, feed additives, and environmental factors will impact feed efficiency values. Dairy managers should monitor changes in feed efficiency...
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We have a renewed interest in the optimal dry period length for dairy cows. The average dry period length in the US is 57 days but variation exists. DHIA data say that on average, 13% of cows are dry less than 40 days and 26% are dry more than 70 days.
The dry period allows the udder to go through a period of involution and ensures that the numbers of mammary cells continue to increase normally during early lactation. The number of mammary cells is a major factor determining milk...
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