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Dairy cattle - Management practices
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Zonneveld Dairies, Inc., a 10,000-cow dairy operation in California, provides valuable insights from their experience navigating HPAI
At the forefront of the dairy industry, Jacob Zonneveld, president and CEO of Zonneveld Dairies, Inc., boldly navigates challenges as he openly shares his experiences with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI). With a sprawling operation of 10,000 cows and an equivalent number of replacement heifers spread...
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INTRODUCTION Early detection of mastitis is considered to be the best method to allow the cows the best chance for prompt recovery. Most farms base mastitis detection on visualization of clinical signs such as swollen quarters or altered milk. However, on large farms that have hired workers for milking it may prove challenging to have good mastitis detection. Therefore, new technologies are being constantly tested to automatically detect mastitis in the milking...
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Introduction The dairy industry continues to provide a nutritious food source to our growing global population. Throughout history this industry has undergone significant evolutions contributing to a “more sustainable” product. But what does sustainability really mean, and in animal agriculture, why do we care? According to the U.S. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969 sustainability is to “create and maintain conditions, under which humans and nature...
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Introduction The global agricultural sector, including associated land-use changes, was responsible for emitting 10.6 gigatons (Gt) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e), contributing considerably to the overall 53 Gt CO 2 e of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (FAO, 2023). In the United States, the agriculture sector contributed 0.59 Gt CO 2 e in 2022, representing 9.36% of the nation's GHG emissions. This marked a 7.7% increase from 1990 levels...
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Lecture given as part of bpt (German National Veterinarians Association) meeting 2024, held as part Euro Tier exhibition, Hannover, Germany. Israel is a small country located in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The territory of Israel is 22 thousand square kilometers (Germany is 16 times larger than Israel). Almost two thirds of Israel’s territory is desert and only 20% of it is used for agriculture. Israel population is approximately...
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Heat stress (HS) has detrimental effects during all stages of dairy cattle life. Cows that experience HS reduce dry matter intake, milk yield, and its composition. In addition, HS has major effects on a cow's health and fertility and negatively impacts a cow's welfare. The decrease in the efficiency of milk production in such conditions increases the negative contribution of the world dairy sector to the environment and brings large economic losses to dairy farmers and the entire...
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Supplementation with rumen-protected methionine optimized Lys/Met ratio in dairy rations based on alfalfa and corn silage
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The negative effects of heat stress and ways to deal with them are currently among the most important research areas. The reason for this is clear, heat stress has become the greatest cause of economic losses to dairy herds, including in regions with a relatively temperate climate, which have only begun to feel the problem in recent years. Evidence of the importance of the issue can be found in the following figure, taken from a recently published article and reviewing the sharp...
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I decided to write this article following a concrete case, in which I was asked to give an opinion regarding the purchase of fans to cool the cows along the feed line of a certain dairy farm. This manager was 240 meters long and was used to feed (and cool) 320 cows. The dairy owner had two proposals for fans to be installed in the feeding area. The first fan was 50″ in diameter with a 1.5 hp motor and belt drive, with a power consumption of 1.1 kWh. In order to achieve the...
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Lecture given as part of bpt (German National Veterinarians Association) meeting 2024, held as part Euro Tier exhibition, Hannover, Germany. The principal factors affecting world dairy sectors in summer are climate change (global warming) and the Increase cow’s productivity. The high yielding cow generates more than 2000 W of heat (like 25 persons), which is much above her capability to dissipate, in a typical summer day. The cow in Germany will...
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Barn Robot Event
– Moderated live demonstrations – Saxony’s 16th Agricultural Workers' Day on 14 November 2024 – Topic: AI and digitalization in the agricultural sector – Impact on work on the farm – EuroTier 2024: 12 to 15 November in Hanover ...
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1. Introduction Reducing the production costs is becoming more important in the dairy industry. The suitable development of replacement heifers is an expensive investment for dairy farms, so estimations of all associated costs are about 20% of the total production costs [1]. The age at first calving (AFC) reflects the rate of growth of the female. A late entry in the productive life reduces the economic value of the animals, due to the potentially decreased number of...
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Introduction The livestock sector faces the challenge of producing food in the context of increasing global demand for meat, which is estimated to increase by 1.6% per year ( 30 ). Intensification has been a way to improve productivity and efficiency in the beef production sector and has contributed to an increase in food production since the mid-twentieth century ( 18 , 38 ). Intensification of livestock systems is defined as an increase in meat...
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Supplementation with rumen-protected methionine optimized Lys/Met ratio in dairy rations based on alfalfa and corn silage
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A lot of information has been published in the last decades, dealing with the negative effect of summer heat stress on the productive and reproductive traits of the high yielding cow. Very limited information existed however, up until the last years, on the effect of heat stress on the feed efficiency of cows (as estimated by the feed to milk ratio). Knowing the full extent of the economic losses caused to the cows due to heat load can help to present to the dairy farmers...
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Animal carcass composting for both routine and emergency management of food animal mortalities is a safe method of carcass disposal.{Berge, 2009 126 /id} It has been used in varying extent, depending on region and regulations, from routine composting of poultry carcasses, composting or road kill, to emergency composting of large animals and animal carcass composting in epidemic disease outbreak situations. There is a growing interest in using on-farm composting...
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Heat stress is one of the major loss factors in the dairy industry of many countries in the world, especially those located in warm regions. The loss caused to dairy farms raises from the decrease in cow’s annual milk production and in feeding efficiency, together with the impairment in cow’s health and fertility. The most common cooling treatment provided to the cows today, combines cycles of wetting and forced ventilation. This treatment have the potential to...
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Over the years, the efficiency of dairy cows has experienced significant advancements, particularly when comparing contemporary cows to those from 1944 (see attached graph). Modern dairy cows exhibit enhanced efficiency in land use, feed consumption, and carbon emissions, primarily due to breakthroughs in genetic selection and precision feeding, including the integration of rumen-protected amino acids. Below, I detail some critical points. It is regrettable that the urban populace remains...
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Monitoring and transmitting in real time and continuous manner the body temperature of the cows has become a reality these days. This can improve the effectiveness of cooling treatments given to the cows, with all the benefits that can arise from that. The following article presents the knowledge and experiences accumulated in the last years in Israel, based on monitoring cow's body temperatures, using intravaginal data loggers. In one of my first cooling projects, carried out on a...
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Cooling the cows through a combination of wetting and forced ventilation is the most common method in the world today. I estimate that more than 80% of the cows that are currently cooled in the world are cooled by this method. Today we know very well what is required to cool the cows properly, in terms of the "wetting quality", air speed and the time required for cooling during the day and throughout the year. In this article, I would like to describe how was developed the knowledge on...
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Supplementation with rumen-protected methionine optimized Lys/Met ratio in dairy rations based on alfalfa and corn silage
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Heat stress is considered one of the main causes of performance and economic losses in the world dairy sector. These losses are proportional to the degree of heat stress cows are subjected to (days or hours per year, cows are exposed to THI above threshold), as well as to the level of production and some nutritional and managerial practices. Do we really know to quantify the total losses? The answer for the moment is no! The literature published until now deals with most of the...
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According to the Italian website CLALIT, in 2021 the Italian dairy sector accounted for almost 10% of the total EU milk production and 6% of EU milk exports. Italy exports nearly 35% of its milk production, mostly cheese, with high added value to the milk. Italian dairy herd consists of 1.6 million dairy cows, most of them in farms located in the Po valley region, in the north of the country. Milk production in 2021 reached 13.2 billion litres, when per cow annual milk production is 8,300...
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