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Dairy cattle - Management practices
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Throughout 2022, the Animal Nutrition & Health team intensified the focus on helping global agriculture meet the challenge of feeding an ever-growing population, sustainably. And that challenge will only be met with a commitment to improving...
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The Historical use of Models in Animal Agriculture Models of all types have a strong history of application in animal production, where their objectives have typically revolved around optimally feeding and growing livestock. For ~50 years, mathematical models have been assisting researchers, nutritionists and producers with decision making on various aspects of livestock production. A typical trajectory for model development has been (1) the execution of experiments to...
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Introduction Ruminants play a crucial role in food security. They supply 51% of all protein from the livestock sector; of which 67 and 33% are from milk and meat, respectively (Gerber et al., 2013). For many populations, livestock is a primary source of nutrition, and not simply a source of calories. Ruminants have the digestive particularity of being able to digest fibrous material (i.e., forages, agro-industrial by-products and crop residues) that is not edible to humans, and...
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Introduction Governments, the private sector, and consumers are increasingly aware of the potential impacts of elevated greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere and their impacts on climate change. All segments of society are challenged with reducing GHG emissions to limit global warming to 1.5◦ C above pre-industrial levels by 2050. While no government legislation or carbon tax has been imposed on livestock emissions in Canada, there is increasing pressure on the...
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Introduction Climate change is a global issue that requires comprehensive and far-reaching solutions across all economic and demographic jurisdictions. The Paris Climate Agreement, adopted in 2015, sets out a global framework to address harmful climate impacts by limiting additional global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius (°C) (1.5 °C goal). The accord recognizes regional differences and the need for specific actions across all jurisdictions, including developed...
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In mid-June this year, I realized a professional visit to Spain, where I lectured at a national conference organized by one of the country’s most popular dairy newspaper, Vaca Pinta, followed by a week of lecturing and consultancy for large scale dairy farms with MSD, realized in different regions of Spain. Among the visited regions were Talavera, south of Madrid, Galicia, in the northwest of the country, in the Atlantic coast and then the regions close to the cities of Girona and...
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Israel is located in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea and is characterized by a subtropical climate. Summer lasts from June to October and is characterized in most regions of the country by high temperatures and humidity at all hours of the day, but no rain at all. The Israeli dairy industry has about 120,000 cows that produce close to 1.5 billion liters per year. The annual milk yield per cow is the highest in the world and stood at more than 12,000 liters in 2021. The...
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This article is written at the end of July, the hottest part of the year here in Israel, when every return home from abroad is first accompanied by going to the fridge to drink a lot of cold water. I decided that this is the right time to write about the importance of water in the dairy farm, especially for those located in warm regions. The issue of water in the dairy farm is an essential element in achieving milk yield, production efficiency and high profitability, especially in the warm...
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An increase in the velocity of air, at a temperature lower than the surface temperature of the animal, has the potential to increase the sensible heat loss of the animal. An augmentation in air velocity will shift the upper critical temperature upwards. An effective ventilation system to reduce heat stress should emphasize the production of high air speed as much as the commonly accepted goal of reducing ambient temperature. Increasing the air velocity lowers the effective temperature...
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Introduction Lucerne is the main grazed forage of Argentina. However, there is a large yield and consumption gap on most dairy and beef farms. Jáuregui et al. (2019) indicated that < 5 t ha -1 are consumed on average on dairy farms. There is potential to close the gap by increased grazing frequency, particularly during periods of high growth such as spring (Jáuregui et al., 2022). However, the long-term effects of such management on lucerne persistence...
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Dairy farmers are always looking for ways to boost efficiency in their operation. This especially holds true in the milking parlor. Installing new technology or hiring an extra hand is one way to increase efficiency, but it can also cost producers a pretty penny. Think about the environment of the parlor itself. Is your parlor a place...
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Calves can maintain body temperature within a certain range of temperatures called the thermoneutral zone without the need for additional energy. When temperatures drop below the critical low temperature (lower of 10°C), calves must use stored body energy to support essential body functions and maintain their body temperature. ...
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Introduction The major challenge in livestock farming worldwide is to increase and improve production while limiting environmental impact and competition for resources for human consumption. Ruminants are key to food security as they convert forages, not directly usable by monogastric animals and humans, into animal products for human food. They supply 51% of all protein with respectively 67% and 33% from milk and meat (Gerber et al., 2013). However, ruminant livestock...
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INTRODUCTION Despite the growing concern for animal welfare, pain control in farm animals is still neglected (CANOZZI et al., 2020; HEWSON et al., 2007; HUXLEY & WHAY, 2006; LORENA et al., 2013). Until recently, this was partly due to the lack of precise instruments to assess pain (DOCKWEILER et al., 2013). In cattle, several zootechnical practices culminate in acute perioperative pain that can become chronic or neuropathic if preventive measures are not taken. The most...
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Increasing the level of nutrition provided to dairy calves in the first weeks of life has resulted in several benefits such as decreased morbidity and mortality, faster recovery from disease, decreased age at first calving, improved mammary development, and increased milk production as an adult. What causes abomasal...
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Calves require supplemental water early in life to support hydration, health, early grain intake, rumen development, and body growth. Supplying body water by feeding milk or milk substitute is not enough to optimize these performance factors. The rumen needs a separate source of pure water to feed the fermentation process that makes the rumen grow. ...
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In a previous article published some years ago here, dealing with cooling project that I accompanied in northern Mexico, I described the results from the first and second years of its implementation. The data were presented in a limited way, for a series of dairy farms belonging to the "Alpura" dairy cooperative, located in the warm regions of northern Mexico and characterized by long summer months, with extreme heat load conditions for dairy cows. These farms are mainly large and...
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