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The negative effects of heat stress and ways to deal with them are currently among the most important research areas. The reason for this is clear, heat stress has become the greatest cause of economic losses to dairy herds, including in regions with a relatively temperate climate, which have only begun to feel the problem in recent years. Evidence of the importance of the issue can be found in the following figure, taken from a recently published article and reviewing the sharp...
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I decided to write this article following a concrete case, in which I was asked to give an opinion regarding the purchase of fans to cool the cows along the feed line of a certain dairy farm. This manager was 240 meters long and was used to feed (and cool) 320 cows. The dairy owner had two proposals for fans to be installed in the feeding area. The first fan was 50″ in diameter with a 1.5 hp motor and belt drive, with a power consumption of 1.1 kWh. In order to achieve the...
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Amino acids (AA) undergo complex metabolism for protein synthesis or excretion after oxidation. We investigated the fate of metabolizable Lys via continuous abomasal infusion of 15 N-Lys. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein cows (147.0 ± 63.2 d in milk, 49.4 ± 9.5 kg milk yield) received 0.6 g/d of 15 N-Lys into the abomasum for 5 d. Cows were offered a common diet (16.6% crude protein; 89% of metabolizable Lys requirement) once daily for an ad libitum intake....
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Choline is a methyl donor, which may influence DNA methylation, gene expression, and cellular processes. Past studies have found an increase in milk yield when periparturient dairy cows were supplemented with dietary rumen-protected choline (RPC); however, the mechanism behind this response is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of dietary RPC supplementation on mammary epigenome-wide DNA methylation. Parous Holstein cows were blocked by calving month...
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Mepron® supplementation during the transition phase and in early lactation increases DMI and performance of dairy cows
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Lecture given as part of bpt (German National Veterinarians Association) meeting 2024, held as part Euro Tier exhibition, Hannover, Germany. The principal factors affecting world dairy sectors in summer are climate change (global warming) and the Increase cow’s productivity. The high yielding cow generates more than 2000 W of heat (like 25 persons), which is much above her capability to dissipate, in a typical summer day. The cow in Germany will...
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Lecture given as part of bpt (German National Veterinarians Association) meeting 2024, held as part Euro Tier exhibition, Hannover, Germany. Israel is a small country located in the eastern basin of the Mediterranean Sea. The territory of Israel is 22 thousand square kilometers (Germany is 16 times larger than Israel). Almost two thirds of Israel’s territory is desert and only 20% of it is used for agriculture. Israel population is approximately...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) showed the results of some experimental designs using choline in dairy cows, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part III)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Our objective was to evaluate changes in choline metabolism including bacterial degradation to trimethylamine (TMA), methyl group transfer, and bioavailability in pregnant and lactating cows. Six multiparous, rumen-cannulated Holstein cows were enrolled in a study design where they were abomasally infused 18 g/d choline chloride (CC; dissolved in water; 170 mL/h) for a 5-d experimental period at −3 wk from expected due date and again at 2 wk postpartum. The stable-isotope...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) gives his conclusions of the conference "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part IV)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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A technique has been established to determine the TMR stability of rumen-protected (RP)-lysine products, but the TMR stability of RPcholine (RPC) products has not yet been explored. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 5 RPC products using a modified technique. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPC (equivalent of 1 g of choline chloride [CC]), no RPC (negative control), or unprotected CC (positive control; 1 g of CC) mixed with 200 g of TMR (38% DM) were...
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Mepron® supplementation during the transition phase and in early lactation increases DMI and performance of dairy cows
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The TMR stability of rumen-protected lysine (RPL) products has been previously investigated, albeit without a positive control, potentially introducing bias. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the TMR stability of 6 RPL products using a modified technique that used an unprotected Lys treatment as a positive control. Triplicate Ziploc bags containing RPL (equivalent of 1 g of Lys), no RPL (negative control) or unprotected Lys-HCl (positive control; 1 g of Lys) mixed with 200 g...
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Dr. José Santos from the University of Florida discusses the essential role of choline in dairy nutrition during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part II)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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Dr. José Santos (University of Florida) summarizes the history of choline, during the conference titled "Choline: A Required Nutrient (Part I)." This content is brought to you by Balchem...
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1. Introduction Both L-glutamate (Glu) and L-glutamine (Gln) are abundant amino acids (AAs) in plant, microbial, and animal proteins [1]. In the whole bodies of sheep and cattle, Glu and Gln are the third and eighth most abundant AAs, respectively. For comparison, the total content of these two AAs, along with other AAs, in feeds [e.g., Bermuda grass, distillers dried grains, and solubles (DDGS)], ruminal microbes, and skeletal muscle proteins is also relatively high, as summarized...
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Cooling the cows through a combination of wetting and forced ventilation is the most common method in the world today. I estimate that more than 80% of the cows that are currently cooled in the world are cooled by this method. Today we know very well what is required to cool the cows properly, in terms of the "wetting quality", air speed and the time required for cooling during the day and throughout the year. In this article, I would like to describe how was developed the knowledge on...
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1. Introduction Increased atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and methane (CH 4 ), are the primary cause of climate change. These emissions result in unpredictable and erratic rainfall, floods, and droughts [1]. In 2020, agriculture contributed 5865.47 MtCO 2 e, representing 12.34% of its total emissions (47,513.15 MtCO 2 e), including land-use change and forestry...
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Mepron® supplementation during the transition phase and in early lactation increases DMI and performance of dairy cows
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This new science changes everything we thought we knew about choline’s impact on the cow and her calf. ReaShure® Precision Release Choline is the original and most researched rumen-protected choline source, so you can be sure you’re getting the benefits you expect. ...
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Ottawa, ONTARIO — What impact will global changes have on Canada’s feed industry? How can local solutions help the sector thrive? How can the feed industry address animal nutrition and feed security to build the sector of tomorrow?
Answers to these questions will be at the...
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radley "Scott" Sorrell, Director of Global Marketing at Balchem Corporation, explores the importance of choline for animal health and the significant impact of Balchem's research in this area. Learn how Balchem's dedication to advancing choline supplementation has positively influenced animal health and productivity, revolutionizing the agricultural industry's approach to nutrition and welfare....
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Dr. Dirk Hoehler, SVP Essential Nutrition at Evonik, provides more details on Evonik’s backward integration of their DL-Methionine plant and their global methionine production network...
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