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Salmonella in poultry
Poultry can become infected with many different types of salmonella; about 10 percent of all Salmonella spp. have been detected in poultry. The most important are Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis. Other serotypes frequently occurring in poultry worldwide are, for example, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Livingstone, and Salmonella Senftenberg. In most cases, the birds are not sick and the production is not affected. The degree of illness depends on factors of both the bacteria and the host. The bacterium’s serotype and phage type is of significance but also the type of animal, age and general health status. S.Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis may induce clinical symptoms in poultry. It is mainly in very young chickens aged up to two weeks that salmonella can cause disease and death. The symptoms may vary and include weakness, loss of appetite and poor growth. The animals are crowded close to heat sources and sit with drooping wings and their eyes closed.
Introduction Salmonella remains the leading cause of outbreak-associated gastroenteritis in the United States, and consumption of poultry products has been implicated in several of these outbreaks (1, 2). Since implementation of the HACCP program, improvement has been made in the level of Salmonella contamination of processed chicken carcasses (3). However, a survey of retail meat from the Washington, DC, USA area revealed a surprising level of contamination of beef, pork, and...
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Introduction Despite impressive advances in the control of infectious diseases, some bacterial pathogens have acquired antibiotic resistance and are emerging in human populations. Many of these infections are zoonotic and are transmitted from healthy carrier animals to humans through contaminated food (Wegener et al., 2003). For example, Salmonella bacteria, especially the serovars Typhimurium and Enteritidis, are common contaminants of poultry and eggs, causing food-borne...
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Salmonellosis is one of the widely distributed foodborne diseases, causing a mild to severe type of diarrheal illness/acute gastroenteritis with tens of millions of human cases occurring worldwide every year (who.int/factsheet.com). The causative agent of Salmonellosis is Salmonella enterica, which is a gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae, capable of surviving in freezing, refrigeration and dry conditions (Optimal growth at 35-37°C and...
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Richard Sellers (American Feed Industry Association) and Steven Ricke (University of Arkansas) discuss a new research project that will analyze whether animal feed contains serotypes from Salmonella that could pose a health threat to livestock....
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By: Victoria Broehm
The Institute for Feed Education & Research (IFEEDER) along with several partners—including the American Feed Industry Association (AFIA), National Pork Board, National Renderers Association, Poultry Protein and Fat Council, U.S. Poultry and Egg Association, and U.S. Soybean Board—has launched a new research project with the University of Arkansas to analyze whether animal feed contains any of the serotypes from the bacteria Salmonella that could...
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This study investigated the potential of fermented liquid feed (FLF) to reduce Salmonella carriage in broiler chickens. In this experiment, a strain identified as Lactobacillus Salivarius ss Salivarius NCIMB 41606 (Lb salivarius) that had been isolated from chicken gut and had been selected for its fermentation and potential probiotic properties, was assessed for its efficacy in reducing the shedding of Salmonella enterica typhimurium Sal 1344 nal r in broilers. A total of 68...
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1. Introduction In the US, 30 serovars of Salmonella enterica causing foodborne illness persist at an incidence in the general food supply to warrant continuous survey [1]. Several serovars are of interest for their association with eggs and poultry products. Phenotype microarray (PM) data were accumulated for the top 4 serovars of Salmonella enterica linked to chicken (Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Heidelberg and Infantis)...
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1. Introduction Salmonellae including pullorum disease, fowl typhoid and other infections may cause varieties of clinical signs from acute systemic disease and gastrointestinal symptoms in poultry flocks to embryonic problem in hatchery [1]. With great expansion of the poultry rearing and farming, pullorum disease and fowl typhoid have become wide spread problem in Bangladesh as well as other countries of the world [2, 3]. In recent years, diagnostic laboratories have been...
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Introduction Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (Salmonella Enteritidis) accounts for nearly 20% of laboratory-confirmed illnesses of salmonellosis in recent years (CDC, 2014). Consumption of shell eggs and egg products is associated with risk of infection from Salmonella Enteritidis in humans (CDC, 2003; Cowden et al., 1989; Elson et al., 2005). A large multistate outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis led to a recall...
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1. Introduction Salmonella enterica subsp. I serovar Enteritidis (SE) is the world’s leading cause of human salmonellosis (Braden, 2006; Schroeder et al., 2006). It is unique among over 2500 S. enterica (S.) serotypes, because it alone has the ability to efficiently contaminate the internal contents of eggs produced by otherwise healthy hens at a frequency associated with substantial food-borne disease (Gantois et...
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What can we do to keep feed from being contaminated by Salmonella, increase the laying rate of hens, improve the quality of eggs, and produce raw eggs without causing foodborne Salmonella infection in humans? Only starting from the food source, speeding up the upgrading of feed processing equipment, eliminating Salmonella to the greatest extent, reducing the cost from the source and improving the egg quality. ...
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Salmonella spp. are among major food-borne pathogens throughout the world, which cause approximately 94 million enteric infections and 155,000 human deaths each year (Majowicz et al. , 2010). They are most often detected in poultry meat, although diseases are frequently associated with contaminated eggs and egg products (EFSA, 2015). Moreover, antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella species is a global threat for animal...
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INTRODUCTION Fluoroquinolones are the third generation of quinolone development. Nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid are examples of the first generation and currently have limited activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorinated 4-quinolones were introduced to the market in the 1980s and were the top of the line antibiotics, offering a broad spectrum of activity and high efficacy in a wide range of infections both...
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Martha Pulido, Associate Clinical Professor at the Mississippi State University, sums up her lecture Food safety – Salmonella update in broilers, during the Intestinal Health Workshop, supported by DSM Nutritional Products, at the North Carolina State University...
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A team of Canadian scientists has identified a gene that confers resistance to the broad-spectrum antibiotic fosfomycin, according to a study yesterday in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy .
The gene, dubbed fosA7, was found in 15 Salmonella enterica isolates from broiler chickens in British Columbia. The isolates were of the Salmonella Heidelberg serotype, which is commonly identified in poultry and has become one of the leading...
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Background Disease caused by foodborne pathogens contributes to serious public health concerns [1]. The Food Safety and Inspection Services (FSIS) have stated that Salmonella is the most common cause of foodborne illness among enteric pathogens [2]. The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported that salmonellosis is reemerging as an important infectious disease worldwide [3]. According to the USDA-FSIS reports, presence of Salmonella due to fecal contamination of carcasses is...
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Introduction Host genetics plays an indispensable role in response to Salmonella colonization of chickens. For the past several years, we have been profiling the phenotype of two parental broiler lines (A and B) with regard to their resistance or susceptibility against bacterial (Salmonella enteritidis, Ferro et al., 2004; Swaggerty et al., 2005a;Enterococcus...
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1. Introduction Probiotics may alter gut microflora in poultry and play a role in competitive exclusion (CE) of Salmonella by the Nurmi concept ( Pivnick and Nurmi, 1982). Competitive exclusion involves oral administration of intestinal microflora derived from healthy salmonella-free adult birds into newly hatched chicks. Establishment of an adult intestinal microflora in newly hatched...
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John Brake (NC State University) talked about feed quality, gut development and housing conditions to prevent Salmonella during CLANA 2016 in Cancun, Mexico....
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Introduction Brazil currently ranks as the major exporter of chicken meat in the world with markets in more than 150 countries. Salmonella enterica (Salm. enterica) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens that can cause foodborne illness (Schroeder et al. 2006). It is often transmitted to people by eggs and other poultry products (Hogue et al. 1997). The Brazilian poultry...
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