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Poultry management
Poultry management usually refers to the husbandry practices or production techniques that help to maximize the efficiency of production. Sound management practices are very essential to optimize production. Scientific poultry management aims at maximizing returns with minimum investment. A carefully controlled environment that avoids crowding, chilling, overheating, or frightening is almost universal in poultry farming. Cannibalism, which expresses itself as toe picking, feather picking, and tail picking, is controlled by debeaking at one day of age and by other management practices. The feeding, watering, egg gathering, and cleaning operations are highly mechanized. Birds are usually housed in wire cages with two or three animals per cage, depending on the species and breed, and three or four tiers of cages superposed to save space. Cages for egg-laying birds have been found to increase production, lower mortality, reduce cannibalism, lower feeding requirements, reduce diseases and parasites, improve culling, and reduce both space and labour requirements.
I. INTRODUCTION Modern broilers grow quickly because they have tremendous genetic potential due to intensive selection for increased growth rate and efficiency (Zuidhof et al., 2014). The parents, broiler breeders, carry this genetic potential and when fed ad libitum, easily become overweight (Heck et al., 2004), compromising reproductive performance (Renema and Robinson, 2004; Chen et al., 2006) and reducing welfare (Mench, 2002). Thus, broiler breeder hens are typically feed...
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Quantification of range use in commercial meat chicken flocks is desirable so that farmers can objectively assess meaningful range access, including number of chickens using the range and how far chickens roam from the shed. Currently there is no cost-effective technology for quantifying range use in commercial conditions, and farm staff perform assessments based on visual inspection. A proof-of-concept machine vision system was developed for automated range use assessment, using simple and...
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I. BACKGROUND The scale of the Australian chicken-meat industry has increased at an extraordinarily rapid rate so that now chicken-meat is clearly the first preference of consumers in comparison to pork, beef and lamb. In 1990/91, the Australian population was 17.2 million with a per capita chicken-meat consumption of 23.9 kg; however, this increased by 61.0% to 27.7 million people and consumption increased by 100% to 47.8 kg over the 30 years to 2020/21. As a direct consequence, the...
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The U.S. Poultry & Egg Association (USPOULTRY) will present “Let’s Talk Research - Current Poultry Research and Findings” as part of the 2024 International Production & Processing Expo’s (IPPE) TECHTalks on Thursday, Feb. 1. Six USPOULTRY-funded research projects completed during 2023 will be reviewed by the researchers who conducted them. The topics will focus on poultry diseases, animal welfare and food safety.
The session will kick off with an...
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The International Production & Processing Expo (IPPE) offers attendees access to the latest in protein and feed technology through exhibits and educational programing. TECHTalks are free, 20-minute technical presentations, offered each day at IPPE. For the 2024 IPPE, 97 presentations will be given in the TECHTalks theaters in the A-Hall at Booth A244, in the B-Hall at Booth B48027 and in the C-Hall at Booth C14185.
The TECHTalks presentations will address many topics, including...
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INTRODUCTION It is essential to maximize poultry production to meet the increasing demand for animal protein due to the increase in global human population (Tona, 2018). One of the major determinants of successful poultry production is the ability to combat environmental stress challenges in broiler chickens. Stress occurs as a result of a biological response to an internal or external stimulus that poses threats to the normal physiological equilibrium of an organism (Elitok,...
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INTRODUCTION The poultry industry in Brazil has gained worldwide prominence and has experienced a major evolution in the technological aspects related to the production of broilers. In 2016, Brazil produced 12.9 million tons of chicken meat, which ranked second in terms of world production (ABPA, 2017). According to the FAO, from 2000 to 2030, the world will have to increase the meat production by 20%, and the greatest potential growth will be in chicken meat...
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INTRODUCTION Global population growth, along with rising affluence in Asia, are driving up not only our total demand for food, but also the amount of protein required to feed all of humanity (1, 2). More specifically, the world’s population is expected to grow to over 9 billion people by 2050, and demand for poultry, which represents a relatively healthy and efficient source of protein, is likely to be double from what it was in 2005. At the same time, it is expected that...
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I.INTRODUCTION A high degree of volatility with regard to the pricing and supply of inputs has arisen. This situation began with the COVID-19 pandemic and the negative effect it had on the global supply chain, and has been exacerbated by the Russian-Ukrainian war. This state of affairs will likely persist until at least the end of 2023 (Mulder, 2022). It has given rise to the intermittent non-availability of several essential feed ingredients. Coupled with these short- to medium-term...
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I. Introduction Early life experiences play an important role in the behavioural development of laying hens (Janczak and Riber 2015; Nicol 2015). Environmental differences in rearing systems have been shown to have an impact on behavioural problems such as feather pecking and cannibalism during adulthood (de Haas et al. 2014; Riber and Guzman 2017). In addition, fearfulness early in life has been shown to correspond to increased stress response in adulthood (de Haas et al. 2012). A...
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I. Introduction In Australia, 95% of the population are concerned about animal welfare with 91% desiring better ways to monitor and improve animal welfare (National pest & disease outbreaks, 2018). There is increased understanding and focus on animals’ sentience and the need to ensure farm animals have ‘lives worth living’. This applies to the Australian egg industry where research shows the community believes that hens are entitled to positive and rewarding...
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Introduction Brazilian agriculture is concentrated in the tropical and subtropical zone, where soils are highly weathered and chemically infertile, demanding amelioration by liming and high amounts of plant nutrient inputs (Cantarella et al., 1998). In Brazil, soybean is the main crop both in scale and in value, covering ~38 M ha with an average yield of 3.5 t ha−1 (Cattelan and Dall'Agnol, 2017; EMBRAPA, 2022). Annually, about 1.2 M t of P are required to produce...
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1. Introduction In resource-limited settings, there is a high usage of antibiotics in food-producing animals for preventive, metaphylactic, therapeutic, and growth promoters, especially with the modernization and commercialization of the poultry industry [1–3]. The misuse of antibiotics has been regarded as a major driver of antimicrobial resistance [4]. In addition, it poses a risk of zoonotic transmission as humans may acquire antibiotic-resistant bacteria from animals,...
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• As Biomass for generating Electricity
• As fertilizer for crop production
• Biogas production
• Compost improvement
• Feed in fish ponds
A substantial proportion of the litter or manure is estimated to be disposed of by...
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1. Introduction Despite improvements in broiler performance through genetics, nutrition, and management, there is still a gap between the potential and the performance achieved(1). Chicken meat production is typically based on company guidelines and producer experience. However, the development of new technologies in the last decade has supported objective decision making in poultry farms(2). In addition, epidemiological studies using an integrated approach to identify the...
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A fast-growing broiler produces a surprising amount of heat, roughly 10 - 15 Btu/hr per pound of body weight. To put this in perspective, a single match produces one Btu/hr of heat which means that a four-pound broiler has essentially 40 to 60 matches of heat being produced within it. An eight-pound broiler would have 80 to 120 matches of heat within it, heat it must continually rid itself of in order to maintain a normal body temperature. As a bird’s body temperature increases,...
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It is not uncommon to see weeds sprout after applying broiler litter to a field. As a result, it seems logical to conclude that there are weed seeds in the broiler litter. But, is this true? Poultry litter is not like cattle manure or the droppings from wild or backyard birds. Ruminant manure can contain seeds that pass through the...
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Managing by the “average” of anything can be a potentially dangerous concept when it comes to growing birds. For instance, when tunnel ventilating market-age broilers the average house temperature could be 80°F, which isn’t necessarily a problem, but it hides the fact that it could be 70°F at the pad end and 90°F at the fan end of the house which definitely would be dangerous. During cold weather, an average daily relative humidity of 60% seems ideal, but in...
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When it comes to predicting the likelihood that birds will experience heat stress conditions on a given day, knowing outside relative humidity first thing in the morning is not particularly useful. Though air moisture levels have significant impact on bird comfort, relative humidity is constantly changing over the course of a day. In the morning relative humidity will tend to be between 80 and 100%. In the afternoon, as temperatures rise and the moistureholding ability of air increases, the...
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