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Poultry genetics and reproduction
Poultry breeding has been one of the most impactful advances in the last 100 years. The role that improved global production of eggs and poultry meat have in reducing global hunger and food insecurity is difficult to overstate. The vast majority of these improvements have come from genetic selection for improved feed efficiency, along with streamlining of the overall production system, and better understanding of poultry nutrition. While the industrial approach to poultry production has created a highly consistent and dependable food source the world over, several problems threaten the long term sustainability of this model - including musculoskeletal and metabolic disorders, welfare concerns, and the need to adapt to a changing climate. Researchers in poultry breeding and genetics utilize quantitative, population, and molecular genetic techniques to help understand the effects of selection for economically important traits and enhance genetic performance through changes in environment and management strategies.
Introduction Commercial egg-laying chickens reach sexual maturity (begin laying eggs) at about 16-18 weeks of age. At 30-32 weeks of age, they attain their peak egg production. During the first year of laying, hens maintain a high laying rate (> 90%) (an average hen lays > 320 eggs), and subsequently, egg production gradually drops, indicating a decrease in ovarian function. The ovulatory cycle in hens lasts about 24-26 hours, depending on age (e.g., shorter in young...
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Edgar O. Oviedo-Rondón, Ph.D., from North Carolina State University (United States) speaks about management practices to overcome male breeders' fertility issues...
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by Sam Shafer
Poultry scientists offer an approach for more accurate predictions of immune system function in birds
New research suggests poultry breeders can boost immune system function in birds by updating their prediction models to include “non-additive” genetic effects. The new study, published in The...
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Conventional broiler (meat) chickens reach a final weight of 6.6 lbs (3 kg) in approximately 40-44 days. Across their lifetime, these fast-growing birds gain an average of 68-75 g per day, with daily gain increasing with age (Aviagen, 2022; Cobb, 2022). With their fast growth, however, they...
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Silvia Peris Miras, DVM, Ph.D., Executive Regional Technical Services Manager for Europe, Africa & Middle East at Novus International speaks about the role of zinc, copper, and manganese trace minerals in Breeder Hens...
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INTRODUCTION In the worldwide poultry industry, egg-laying production efficiency is a significant economic trait. Excellent productivity is measured by the number of ovarian follicles heading for ovulation and the efficiency of the oviduct to convert the ova into a hardshelled egg. But to increase number of ovarian follicles many factors are involved like Nutritional factors, Pathological factors, Managemental factors and Climatic factors. Before going to topic of available...
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Introduction
Modern agriculture constantly strives to maximize biological performance of food production in an effort to optimize economic efficiency, profit potential, and sustainability. Commercial poultry production is among the most efficient and progressively successful of all food production sectors. What factors does it take for continued success in efficient poultry production? It takes...
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The parents of broilers are defined as broiler breeders. In contemporary poultry industry practices, there are many selection criteria for broiler breeders. Beyond selecting for future broilers, maximizing broiler breeder characteristics (i.e. reproductive success) is also important. In essence, we are not only selecting for...
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Background & Objectives Korean Native Chicken (KNC) market field keeps enlarging by the increasing consumer interest on KNC due to the desired flavor, texture and healthy value of its meat. Despite the demand for native chickens increasing due to the requirement for diversification of consumers, making good KNC layer species to meet the demand of consumers is very limiting. It is necessary to secure and maintain the various the pure-line in order to improve production...
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INTRODUCTION The production performance of laying hens during their late laying period is rapidly decreasing. This late period represents nearly 50% of the whole laying period, and laying hens are generally eliminated at about 500 days of age. However, laying hens still maintain a laying rate of 60-70% at this time; therefore, the production performance of flocks during this late laying period directly affects the economic benefits of farmers. Therefore, prolonging the...
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Novus breeder webinar series now available on-demand
The insight and experience of 13 poultry professionals from around the world are now accessible from anywhere in the world.
Novus...
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INTRODUCTION Amino acids (AA) and crude protein (CP) intake during the rearing phase in broiler breeders have demonstrated to affect body composition and reproductive performance in the laying period (Joseph et al., 2000; Ciacciariello and Tyler, 2013; van Emous et al., 2013, 2015a, 2015b). Modifications of these nutrients added up to the adjustment of feed allocation may alter BW (van Emous et al., 2013; Soumeh et al., 2018), organ development (Lesuisse et al., 2017), egg...
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Edgar Oviedo-Rondón (NC State University) discusses the importance of amino acids and how to find the proper levels to achieve better growth and development....
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The breeding performance is count upon the reproductive status of birds. In current poultry industry there are numerous challenges for reproductive competency. Many of these problems originated from upgrading body growth rate and egg production traits in poultry; which results weakening in reproductive characteristics. The continuous trend towards high yielding and fast growing birds ensuring that task of managing the breeder stock will not be easy more. Males...
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Famatta Perry (University of Delaware) presents her poster on gene expression analysis, during the Symposium on Gut Health in St. Louis, USA....
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Introduction The influence of seminal plasma on sperm storage may vary among species. Its removal is recommended in the majority of semen cryopreservation protocols of species such as caprine in order to ensure maximal sperm viability [1], but it isn’t entirely recommended in other mammals (e.g. ovine; [2]). Mammalian seminal plasma may contain factors that influence resistance of sperm to cold-shock damage and may prevent cryoinjury [3–5]. Conversely, detrimental...
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I. INTRODUCTION The chicken meat industry has made tremendous production gains through advanced utilisation of genetic selection and nutritional understanding to ensure that chicken meat remains a low cost, desirable product that consumers continuously demand (Zuidhof et al., 2015). The industry now requires new approaches to further advance efficiency and production, with developmental programming at the forefront of industry development (Hynd et al., 2016). Developmental...
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I. INTRODUCTION The recognition in the late 1960’s that excessive growth rates in broiler breeders were negatively impacting rate of lay and increasing production of unsettable eggs (Jaap and Muir, 1968) has been one of the most transformative events in the history of the hatching egg industry. The resultant feed restriction programs during rearing resolved the issue at the time. But continued genetic progress resulted in feed restriction being necessary throughout...
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