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Parasitic diseases in poultry
A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism (referred to as the host) and gains an advantage at the expense of that organism. The two types of internal parasites that affect poultry are worms and protozoa. Usually, low levels of infestation do not cause a problem and can be left untreated. Clinical signs of a parasite infestation include unthriftiness, poor growth and feed conversion, decreased egg production, and, in severe cases, death. Also, parasites can make a flock more susceptible to diseases or worsen a current disease condition. External parasites can also cause problems for small flock poultry producers and occasionally for large flock producers. These unwanted visitors can be brought into the poultry house by wild birds or new birds being added to the flock. All new birds should be checked for parasites before they are mixed with the original flock.
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Parasites can be detected on the external surfaces of the body by way of a thorough physical examination. Periodical examination of the flock can help to detect an early infestation and can help to prevent a larger flock outbreak. It is important to detect infestations early because of the restrictions on treatments available for food-producing birds. Moreover, many of the parasites have an environmental component so treating the environment is also necessary for...
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Sebastián Decap (Plantae Labs) talks about Necrotic Enteritis and his research results on possible natural solutions involving Quillaja extract, during the Symposium on Gut Health in St. Louis, USA....
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Hector Salgado (Jefo Nutrition) presents his poster on alternatives to traditional anticoccidials, during the Symposium on Gut Health in St. Louis, USA....
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Studies in the past decade have shown that Cordyceps militaris has multiple pharmacological functions, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and anti-angiogenic activities and immunopotentiation ability. The chemical structure of cordycepin is similar to that of adenosine. Cordycepin can be used as a nucleotide during RNA synthesis, which leads to premature termination of chain elongation because of the absence of oxygen in the 3′...
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Dermanyssus gallinae , the poultry red mite, chicken mite or roost mite, is a major pest of fowl, pigeons, and other caged birds worldwide. The parasite especially common to poultry breeding and egg production operations, it is directly responsible for hundreds of millions of dollars in egg...
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Woody breast (WB), or “Spaghetti meat” affects modern, rapidly growing, high breast yield broilers. Decreased meat quality due to undesirable change in muscle texture and condemnation of affected breast meat cause huge economic losses. WB incidence has increased...
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Excreta egg counting techniques can provide valuable information for assessing flock infection levels, selecting nematode resistant chicken breeds and for determining anthelmintic efficacy. Although the Modified McMaster (MDM) method has been used for a long time, it is generally considered to have low sensitivity and precision (Das et al., 2020). The Mini-FLOTAC (MF) is a more recently developed commercial flotation method for excreta which could be a good alternative to replace MDM. The...
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I. INTRODUCTION The transition in the layer industry from conventional cages to cage-free and even further into free-range production is rewriting the nutritional requirements of the laying hen. In the last 25 years, the number of eggs a hen can produce has increased by about 2 eggs each year while the amount of feed required to produce these eggs has been reduced by 18.6% in cages (Anderson, 1991; Anderson et al., 2013, Anderson, 2019). The result has been a high value...
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Introduction Dermanyssus gallinae (de Geer, 1778), often called the poultry red mite (PRM), is highly prevalent in most parts of the world, especially in farms of laying hens (Sparagano et al., 2009; Sigognault-Flochlay et al., 2017). In uncontrolled conditions PRM populations can grow to very high numbers, commonly reaching up to 50,000 parasites per bird (Sparagano et al., 2014). Especially at night, adult PRM and nymph stages bite hens to suck blood (Sparagano et al.,...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis is the term used to describe an enteric disease caused by infection with one or more species of Eimeria (1), and has a high economic impact on the poultry industry worldwide (2, 3). The etiology of this intestinal disease are pathogenic Eimeria species that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa, in particular Eimeria maxima, E. tenella, and E. acervulina (1). Currently, seven species of Eimeria are known to infect chickens and differ in pathogenicity....
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INTRODUCTION The poultry industry is one of the main suppliers of animal protein worldwide, contributing both meat and eggs (1, 2). This is an industry in constant growth, as demonstrated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA reported that 102.9 million tons of chicken meat were produced in January of 2020, which represents a 3.9% increase compared to the same period of the previous year (3). This increase is important, given that by 2050 the human...
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The Poultry Extension Collaborative (PEC) brings you the webinar "Bugs, Biome and Breeding: Improving Laying Hen Welfare" on May 17th, from 9 to 12 am EST, via Zoom.
Attendance is free and you can register ...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis presently proves to be a major and pressing protozoan disease in the poultry industry worldwide (Dalloul and Lillehoj, 2006). Coccidiosis is caused by a protozoan parasite from the genus Eimeria. The life cycle of coccidial parasites includes asexual and sexual replication stages and begins when a bird ingests sporulated oocysts from the environment, as described by Conway and McKenzie (2007). After ingestion, four sporocysts contained in a...
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Northern fowl mites (Ornithonyssus sylviarum) are one of the more common ectoparasites (external parasites) that can be present in a flock. These mites live on their host throughout their life and feed on poultry blood. They are most commonly found around the vent, tail, and breast of the birds. Although these mites prefer poultry as a host,...
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Introduction Brazilian egg production is based on intensive farming systems, which ensure greater yield in a smaller physical space. However, it favors the development of arthropod pests, such as the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (Acari, Dermanyssidae). This mite feeds on poultry, causing weight loss, reduced egg production, blood spoliation anemia and, in more severe cases, death. Studies have shown that the red mite can carry Escherichia coli, Salmonella and...
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INTRODUCTION Eimeria spp. are the etiologic agents of avian coccidiosis, an intestinal disease responsible for an economic loss of more than $3 billion per year (1, 2). Increasing implementation of antibioticfree poultry production system in the U.S. is making the control of some enteric pathogens such as coccidiosis-causing Eimeria species and necrotic enteritis-inducing Clostridium perfringens strains challenging (3). Because coccidiosis is a primary risk...
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