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Parasitic diseases in poultry
A parasite is an organism that lives in or on another organism (referred to as the host) and gains an advantage at the expense of that organism. The two types of internal parasites that affect poultry are worms and protozoa. Usually, low levels of infestation do not cause a problem and can be left untreated. Clinical signs of a parasite infestation include unthriftiness, poor growth and feed conversion, decreased egg production, and, in severe cases, death. Also, parasites can make a flock more susceptible to diseases or worsen a current disease condition. External parasites can also cause problems for small flock poultry producers and occasionally for large flock producers. These unwanted visitors can be brought into the poultry house by wild birds or new birds being added to the flock. All new birds should be checked for parasites before they are mixed with the original flock.
Introduction Intensive breeding farms enhance the simultaneous occurrence of several affections. Coccidiosis is a disease of greater economic importance and affections coexist with it should be considered. Among these affections, aflatoxicosis, which have been reported to be immunosuppressive (Bakshi et al., 2000) leading to an increase in the susceptibility of chickens to avian...
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The interdisciplinary approach of end users (One Health)
“One Health is a combined effort from several different technical disciplines to improve human, animal and plant health in sustainable eco-systems by using an integrated systemic approach to achieve transnational solutions.”
Wim van der Poel (Central Veterinary Institute, NL) emphasised that interdisciplinary collaboration across technical fields and a systemic approach are...
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The avian immune system consists of two components: Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The innate portion of the immune system serves as the bird’s first line of defense against non-specific challenges. The adaptive side defends against more specific challenges that cross the intestinal wall or respiratory barrier and attack the bird systemically. Published reports demonstrate feeding Diamond V Original XPCTM (XPC) has...
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INTRODUCTION
Commercial poultry farming is expanding day by day and contributing in the provision of affordable and high quality proteins (Ahmad et al., 2010; Ghafoor et al., 2010). However, this sector is still confronted with many enteric diseases like coccidiosis which are hindering its progress (Saima et al., 2010; Hafez, 2011).
Avian coccidiosis in an intestinal protozoan disease caused by various species...
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Introduction
Poor gut health in broiler chickens is a generalized term that means different things to different people (Truscott & Al-Sheikhly, 1977; Tierlynck et al ., 2009). Problems associated with shifts of intestinal bacterial populations (i.e. dysbacteriosis) gained notoriety as a key production issue with the removal of antibiotic growth promoters in the European Union (Hoerr, 1998; Lee, 2002). However, it...
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Introduction Coccidiosis is a realistic problem and one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. It is caused by a protozoan parasite known as Eimeria that invade the cells of the poultry intestine. Species of coccidia which commonly affect poultry are Eimeria tenella, E. acervulina, E. necatrix, E. maxima and...
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New test and trial results
Perhaps the most important result we got recently is the Stalosan efficacy against poultry blood mites.
Mites are worldwide spread and considered as the most economically important ectoparasites for the industrial poultry production. The global impact is difficult to evaluate due to the poor documentation and because is probably underestimated by...
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Abstract Background : Avian coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease of poultry, causing severe economical loss to poultry production by affecting growth and feed efficiency of infected birds. Current control strategies using mainly drugs and more recently vaccination are showing drawbacks and alternative strategies are needed. Using genetic resistance that would limit the negative and very costly...
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Anticoccidial efficacy of ‘Coxynil” a herbal feed additive was tested against Einieria tenella in broilers, vs. a vs. Salinomycin. Body weight of birds challenged with E. tenella in Coxynil treated groups was higher as compared to Coxynil untreated & Salinomycin treated groups.. Oocyst out put, lesion score, HI titres against New Castle disease virus and T Cells were significantly higher in Coxynil supplemented groups. Examination of ceaca of the birds, revealed that the...
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Coccidia are single-celled intestinal parasites that currently represent one of the greatest challenges to the broiler industry. To keep the level of infection low, farmers commonly add coccidia-inhibiting chemicals (coccidiostats) to broiler feed. While this does not kill the parasites, it greatly reduces the incidence of overt sickness and death from infection. While clinical coccidiosis is therefore not a problem, veterinary authorities have never been able to gauge the extent of subclinical...
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Red mites could be a potential source of salmonella transmission between birds and flocks, according to one biosecurity expert. "While it is well known that mites can transmit diseases such as fowl cholera, fowl typhoid and the chicken pox virus the fact they feed by sucking blood means they can also theoretically transmit salmonella through contaminated blood," explained Kiotechagil's Mike Rogers. Mites, both the red mite and the northern fowl mite have long been...
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Intestinal parasites (worms) are very common in chickens in the backyard type poultry flocks. The presence of a few parasites do not usually cause a problem. However, large numbers can have a devastating effect on growth, egg production, and over-all health. The concentration of parasite eggs in the chickens environment is one factor which plays a major role in determining the severity of the infection. The chickens pick up the parasite eggs directly by ingesting contaminated feed, water, or...
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Skystar Bio- Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., a leading bio-pharmaceutical company in the People's Republic of China today announced that the Company was awarded the National High Technology Industrialization Pilot Project ("NHTIPP") for its DLV avian coccidiosis vaccine. Skystar received the NHTIPP award at the Ninth Shenzhen China High-Tech Fair in Shenzhen on October 12, 2007. The ACV project is a high-tech industrialization project approved and inspected by the National Development and...
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Each year, U.S. poultry producers raise about 7 billion broilers. They use a combination of antibiotics and vaccines to protect these birds from infectious diseases. Antibiotics are critical to ongoing efforts to fight off diseases and infections; they have been able to kill or stop growth of many different kinds of protozoa and parasites as well as bacteria. One major disease of chickens—coccidiosis—is named after intestinal parasites collectively referred to as coccidia, which are...
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Arsenical feed additives have been used in poultry for control of coccidiosis and enhancement of growth since the discovery of activity in this group of compounds in the years after World War II and are still in use today. In particular, two compounds stand out. Nitarsone (4-nitro-phenyl arsonic acid) is used for prevention of histomoniasis in turkeys, and roxarsone (3-nitro-phenylarsonic acid) is used for improved coccidiosis control when given in combination with the ionophorous...
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Bacteria which live symbiotically inside the blood-sucking pests called red poultry mites could be a new and effective target to prevent the spread of Salmonella and similar pathogens in chickens, turkeys and other table birds, according to scientists speaking today (Wednesday 5 September 2007) at the Society for General Microbiology’s 161st Meeting at the University of Edinburgh, UK, which runs from 3-6 September 2007. Economic losses inside the European Union caused by the red poultry...
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Histomoniasis (infectious enterohepatitis) is a disease of broiler chickens on litter or exposed to range and is caused by the fragile protozoa Histomonas meleagridis (Skinner, 2000). First symptoms are a decline in feed consumption (loss of appetite), inactivity, drooping wings (drowsiness) and unkempt feathers, followed by a drop in body weight and appearance of diarrhea with sulfur-colored droppings (Renwald, 1970). Other symptoms include poor feed utilization, increased thirst,...
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Each year, U.S. poultry producers raise about 7 billion broilers. They use a combination of antibiotics and vaccines to protect these birds from infectious diseases. Antibiotics are critical to ongoing efforts to fight off diseases and infections; they have been able to kill or stop growth of many different kinds of protozoa and parasites as well as bacteria.
One major disease of chickens -- coccidiosis -- is named after intestinal parasites collectively referred to as coccidia, which are...
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Wide use of a mushroom extract to protect poultry against a major parasitic disease is now closer, thanks to an Agricultural Research Service scientist and her South Korean colleagues.
The researchers -- led by immunologist Hyun Lillehoj at the ARS Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory in Beltsville, Md. -- developed a technique for controlling coccidiosis, which costs the world's poultry industry billions of dollars in losses annually.
The new method is the subject of a patent...
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Embrex Inc., The In Ovo Company, today announced that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) granted Embrex's Inovocox coccidiosis vaccine for poultry a Veterinary Biological Product License which allows the Company to market and sell the product in the United States. Simultaneously, the USDA granted a Veterinary Biologics Establishment License to Embrex Poultry Health LLC, the Company's manufacturing subsidiary based in Scotland County, North Carolina, where the new vaccine will be...
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