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Enzymes in poultry nutrition
Enzymes are proteins involved in all anabolic and catabolic pathways of digestion and metabolism. Digestive enzymes are categorised as endogenous or exogenous. Endogenous enzymes are produced by the animal and exogenous enzymes are administered from outside. Enzyme supplementation decreases nutrient loss through excreta, reduces diets nutritional levels, improves nutrient availability; thus, enhances production efficiency and profitability. In addition, exogenous enzymes hydrolyse non-starch polysaccharides, increase the usage of feed energy, reduce negative impacts of non-digestive residues on digesta viscosity, and improve gut microbial ecosystem. Cellulase, glucanase, pectinase, xylanase, galactisidases, phytase, non-starch polysaccharides degrading enzymes, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and protease are the most common enzymes used in poultry feed.
1. Introduction Phytase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes phytic acid and its salt phytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), resulting in the formation of inositol pentakis-, tetrakis-, tris-, bis- and monophosphate (IP5-IP1) in a stepwise manner and five inorganic phosphates (Pi) (Skoglund et al., 1998; Greiner et al., 2000). Inclusion of phytase in animal feed not only makes the phytate-bound phosphorus (0.2 to 1.0 % in...
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Take home message. Feed enzymes are a widely accepted and adopted means to increase feed utilisation and ultimately save on feed costs. Feed enzymes typically improve the environmental impact of animal production. While the use of phytases is most developed and widespread, there is still more to be learned and more to be gained from the application of carbohydrases and...
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Best Practices for Sustainable Waste Management and Environmental Solutions
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In today's efficient conscious world, we save on anything and everything including communication. One of these is abbreviations. Recently I stumbled across one, which I called WAAW! Translation? War Against Amino Wastages! Amino wastages are unnecessary biological losses of amino acids, especially critical ones like methionine, lysine and threonine. In this war the call is to adopt a zero waste policy, doing this will recover more cost as amino acids are among the most...
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Introduction Concerns about the possible contribution of P runoff from the application of poultry litter to eutrophication of surface waters has focused attention on means of reducing phosphorus excretion (Edwards and Daniel, 1992; Sharpley, 1999). Because of the demands for adequate skeletal development of the rapidly growing broiler and the variability of phosphorus content in...
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I. INTRODUCTION The global availability of inorganic phosphates is limited; phosphorus (P) is the third most expensive ingredient after energy and amino acids. Therefore sustainable animal production requires optimal utilisation of P to reduce the cost of feeding. Over two thirds of P in plantbased feedstuffs is not readily available in poultry as it is bound to phytic acid (PA), which has been commonly thought to be due to the low levels of...
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I. INTRODUCTION Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals for many biological processes and skeletal health, however, they have a complex interactive relationship. Phytate is the naturally occurring storage form of P in plants, with the main storage site of phytate-P being seeds (Tamim et al., 2004). As poultry diets are comprised mainly of seed based ingredients, there is a considerable amount of phytate-P...
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I. INTRODUCTION Phytase supplementation of broiler diets is a routine practice and is used primarily to liberate the P component (282 g/kg) of the phytate molecule (myo-inositol hexaphosphate; IP6). Phytase also generates ‘extra-phosphoric’ responses because phytate interacts with protein, starch, fat, calcium and trace minerals but these responses are less well understood and accepted (Selle and Ravindran,...
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Dr. Jeffery Escobar, Executive Manager, Nutritional Physiology for Novus International, discusses how protease enzymes provide solutions to customer pains....
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Jose Otavio Sorbara, Regional Enzyme Marketing Manager – Latin America DSM Nutritional Products, speaks about the research they have done about their product RONOZYME® HiPhos and about the 'extra-phosphoric' effects of phytase when included at high levels in animal diets. ...
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How would a person calculate the dose rate of enzymes to be added to poultry rations? Please provide the information. ...
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Mycotoxin detection: VICAM builds a stronger and more sustainable future for food
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Danisco Animal Nutrition, a subsidiary of DuPont Industrial Biosciences, will celebrate 25+ years of enzyme innovation at Eurotier with a VIP seminar co-hosted with All About Feed. The seminar, entitled, "How can the developed and developing world benefit from future enzyme technologies?" will be moderated by Emmy Koeleman, Editor of AllAboutFeed and will include the following topics:
What future...
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1. INTRODUCTION The metabolism of vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus within the chicken is uniquely integrated. The absorption of intestinal calcium depends on many factors but one of the most important is vitamin D (Ameenuddin, Sunde et al. 1985). There is obscurity regarding the exact mechanisms of calcium absorption across the intestine, however it is known that vitamin D is essential for the synthesis of calcium binding protein (CaBP) in the...
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Alex Wu, from the University of New England, speaks about his study conducted to determine if supplementation with dietary enzymes might overcome negative effects of nutrient restriction on performance, carcass composition and bone mineralisation across diets based on different australian cereal sources. ...
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The study investigated effect of protease (Cibenza DP100, Novus International Inc.) on growth performance and carcass traits of broilers as affected by dietary crude protein level. There were 6 treatments in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 levels of crude protein (LO, ME, HI) and 2 levels of protease (0 or 300 units/g). Diets were corn SBM based with starter diets (0–19 d) in crumbled form, and grower (19–35 d) and...
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A floor pen study was conducted to evaluate effect of a protease (Cibenza DP100, Novus International Inc.) and an NSP enzyme blend (Cibenza CSM, Novus International Inc.), when used alone or in combination, on growth performance and carcass parameters of broilers. The study consisted of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of protease (0 or 300 units/g) and 2 levels of NSP enzyme (0 or 1,000 units xylanase,...
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Introduction The feed enzyme market today is worth approximately $1 billion USD and is dominated by NSP’ases and phytases, with proteases also playing a minor but significant role. The principal reason for their employment is that they improve digestibility of a number of nutrients, specific to the enzyme employed, and as a result enable the use of less digestible, cheaper and most frequently more...
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Danisco Animal Nutrition, a business division of DuPont Industrial BioSciences, hosted a VIP seminar before the main EPC conference kicked off on June 23. Dr. Peter Plumstead began the seminar with a presentation that separated the facts concerning nutrient release from phytase from the fiction. He stressed the importance of establishing robust estimates of calcium and phosphorus contributions when selecting phytase products and the necessity of species-specific...
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Best Practices for Sustainable Waste Management and Environmental Solutions
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Dr. Luis Romero, Senior Scientist & Research Lead at DuPont speaks about his presentation about the role of enzymes in promoting gut health in poultry....
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Introduction In Nigeria, the high cost of poultry feed and competition for feed raw materials between farm animals and human has increased the search by nutritionists and researchers for alternative sources. Melon husks are agricultural by-product or wastes that are usually discarded or burnt after removal of the melon seeds (Citrullus vulgaris). Melon is a cucurbit crop belonging to the family cucurbitaceae (Abiodun and...
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