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Coccidiosis in poultry
Coccidiosis is a protozoal disease causing diarrhea, ,weight loss and decreased production in poultry. It can be fatal. Prevention is key and is achieved with use of anticoccidials or vaccination. Diagnosis is by fecal flotation to detect oocysts, often in combination with characteristic necropsy findings. Coccidiosis is caused by protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, family Eimeriidae. Most species affecting poultry belong to the genus Eimeria and infect various intestinal sites. The disease course is rapid (4–7 days) and is characterized by parasite replication in host cells with extensive damage to intestinal mucosa. Coccidia in poultry are generally host-specific, and the different species infect specific portions of the intestine. However, in game birds, including quail, the coccidia may infect the entire intestinal tract. In poultry, game birds reared in captivity, and wild birds, coccidiosis occurs worldwide.
Avian coccidiosis is one of the most economically damaging infectious diseases affecting poultry. The etiologic agent is Eimeria spp., an obligate eukaryotic intracellular parasite belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa, which infects chickens’ intestinal tracts and is transmitted through a fecal-to-oral route (7,49). Clinical manifestations of infection include damage to the intestinal epithelium, decreased nutrient absorption, inefficient feed utilization, and impaired growth rate,...
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Elizabeth Santin (Federal University of Paraná, Brazil) discusses the advantages of the use of this system on poultry health, during the 1st PoultryUniverse Coccidiosis Congress in Curitiba, Brazil....
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Ryan Arsenault (University of Delaware) presented research that allows a better understanding of the changes to the modern broiler immune system due to selective pressures, during the 8th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Maarten De Gussem (Vetworks) talked about his approach regarding data analysis and its practical application in the industry, during IPPE 2020 in Atlanta, USA....
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Supplemental Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 modulates intestinal structure, microbial composition and improve the performance in broiler chickens
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Introduction Avian coccidiosis is one of the most costly infectious diseases affecting the commercial poultry industry [1]. Coccidia that infect chickens include Eimeria acervulina, E. tenella, E. maxima, E. brunetti, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. mitis. These apicomplexan protists invade cells of the intestinal epithelium, evoking necrotic tissue destruction and resulting in reduced body weight gain in broilers, decreased egg production in layers, and fecal shedding of viable...
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1. Introduction Genetic selection for production traits, to meet increased requirements for chicken meat, has been applied to broiler chickens at an unprecedented rate (Siegel, 2014; Tixier-Boichard et al., 2012; Zuidhof et al., 2014). Such an emphasis on productive traits may have compromised the ability of modern broilers to cope with metabolic and skeletal disorders (Dawkins and Layton, 2012; Julian, 1998) and infectious pathogens (Cheema et al., 2003; Yunis et al., 2000)....
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Introduction Avian coccidiosis is caused by seven species of Eimeria protozoa (E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. tenella, E. mitis, E. necatrix, E. praecox, and E. brunetti) that differ in pathogenicity and immunogenicity [1,2]. The life cycles of all Eimeria species are of the monoxenous sporozoan type. Generally, infection develops following ingestion of sporulated oocysts and release of sporozoites, which subsequently invade intestinal epithelial cells. Through asexual...
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INTRODUCTION Coccidiosis is considered one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide due to the economic losses it produces in performance and due to medication usage (Williams, 2002; Dalloul and Lillehoj, 2005). The use of vaccines to prevent coccidiosis has proven to be successful (Lee et al., 2009; Danforth, 1998; Williams and Gobbi, 2002) and is widely used today in the U.S poultry industry (Agri-Stats, Fort Wayne IN). However, in the process of developing immunity,...
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Background Avian coccidiosis impairs the growth and feed efficiency of infected chickens [1]. There were evidences that resistance to avian coccidiosis is associated with inheritance and coccidiosis resistant line could be established by selection [2]. The resistance to avian coccidiosis QTL has been identified near two microsatellite markers on chromosome 1 [3,4]. Associations between parameters of resistance to coccidiosis and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 3...
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Victoria Hansen (USDA) shared her research on short chain fatty acids as a promising feed additive to mitigate coccidiosis in poultry, during the 8th Symposium on Gut Health in Production of Food Animals in St. Louis, USA....
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Derek Detzler (JEFO) talked about antibiotic-free production and poultry vaccination, during the 1st PoultryUniverse Coccidiosis Congress in Curitiba, Brazil....
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Sergio Luiz Vieira (UFRGS, Brazil), spoke about his experience with vaccine production and use when treating this disease, during the 1st PoultryUniverse Coccidiosis Congress in Curitiba, Brazil....
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INTRODUCTION Avian coccidiosis is major parasitic disease of high economic concern in the poultry industry worldwide and is caused by at least seven distinct species of Eimeria apicomplexan protozoa that infect the various areas of intestinal mucosa. The economic loss for avian coccidiosis is estimated to be more than $3 billion worldwide (Williams, 1999) and this cost includes in-feed medication, mortality, impaired growth rate, inefficient feed utilization and reduction in egg...
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INTRODUCTION
Coccidiosis is a ubiquitous intestinal protozoan infection of poultry seriously impairing the growth and feed utilization of infected animals (Lillehoj et al., 2007; Lillehoj and Lillehoj, 2000). Conventional disease control strategies relied heavily on chemoprophylaxis costing the industry tremendously. Existing vaccines comprise live virulent or attenuated Eimeria strains with limited scope of protection against an ever evolving and widespread...
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Greg Mathis (Southern Poultry Research) offered his insights on what to do and use to control and mitigate this diseases, including essential oils, butyric acid and other additives, during IPPE 2018 in Atlanta, USA....
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