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Swine health
Pig diseases can be caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoa, nutritional deficiencies, poisonous substances, internal and external parasites.
Bacterial diseases include swine erysipelas, swine dysentery, infectious poly-arthritis etc. Viral and mycoplasma diseases include African swine fever, swine influenza, enzootic pneumonia of pigs, vesicular exanthema of swine, transmissible gastroenteritis etc. Helminthiasis as a health problem in pigs is mainly caused by worms like the lungworm, ascaris worm etc. Nutritional diseases include piglet anemia, parakeratosis etc. External parasitic infections include mange, lice, jiggers etc.
How to tell that a pig is in bad health:
General signs: dullness, loss of appetite, labored or rapid breathing, sudden deaths, loss of weight, low weight gain and fever usually manifested by shivering of the pig.
Signs expressed on the skin: reddening of the skin or skin discoloration, loss of hair and hardening of some parts of the skin, itching and cracking of the skin.
Other signs: lameness, cough, abnormal nasal discharges, diarrhea with a putrid smell, abnormal content and color of feces and abortions.
Introduction: Outbreaks of bloody diarrhea in swine herds in the late 2000s signaled the re-emergence of swine dysentery in the U.S. Diagnostic investigations confirmed the emergence of a novel pathogen “ Brachyspira hampsonii ” with two distinct genetic groups circulating in U.S. swine. It has since been detected in swine and migratory birds in North America and Europe. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop and implement a...
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Introduction: Brachyspira spp. are a group of enteric pathogens prevalent worldwide in most swine rearing geographies. To determine appropriate therapy for Brachyspira disease, minimum inhibitor concentrations (MIC) of antibiotics are a common first step. Narasin is a recently FDA approved ionophore antibiotic to improve growth in swine in the USA. The objective of this study was to determine the MIC of tiamulin and narasin using Brachyspira isolates from clinical...
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Introduction: There are two registered vaccines available (Clostriporc A, Enteroporc A, IDT Biologika GmbH) to prevent suckling piglet diarrhea caused by Clostridium perfringens type A (CpA). These are based on the α- and β2-toxoids. The goal of this study was to evaluate the development of antibodies against the α- and β2-toxins after recurrent vaccination of gilts with ENTEROPORC A under laboratory conditions. Materials and...
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Introduction: The antibiotic resistance of field strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae has increased in the last years in Spain as well as in other countries due to the high use of antibiotics for the control of swine dysentery (SD). For this reason, antimicrobial susceptibility tests are becoming essential for an effective control of this disease. Our objective was to study the antibiotic susceptibility of Spanish field strains of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in...
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Introduction: Mesocolon edema syndrome is recognized as a common cause of diarrhea in pigs less than 2 weeks of age, and has been associated with neonatal colonization by Clostridium difficile , C. perfringens , or often as a combined infection. In the United States, C. perfringens type A is increasing in prevalence, but C. difficile colonization and subsequent enterotoxemia is still an important cause of the syndrome. In this study, we directly...
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Introduction: Infection with C. difficile may have subclinical signs and light manifestations of disease; its transmission is fecal-oral route, considered as the principal way of contamination. As bacterial infections have negative impact, on the roster, this study has relation with the ways of transmission of C. difficile in swine. This study was to evaluate the transmission of C. difficile via aerogen using PCR and histological section of...
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Introduction: Clostridium perfringens type A enteritis is a frequent disease of the newborn piglets with a major economic impact in the Czech Republic and important swine producing countries as well. Different antimicrobials may be used for treatment of piglets affected by clostridial enteritis. There are only a few reports on antimicrobial susceptibility of C. perfringens from pigs. Overall, the most common resistance in C. perfringens is to...
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Introduction: Cystoisospora (syn. Isospora ) suis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease in neonatal piglets and the disease is related to considerable economic losses. The metaphylactic treatment with toltrazuril 3 to 5 days after birth is a common control measure practiced in many countries. Another essential practice is the prevention of neonatal iron deficiency anaemia as piglets are born with small iron reserves (35 to 50 mg) and sow milk contains...
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Optimal tryptophan: lysine Ratio for 25-40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the economic benefit and improved yield of groups of gilts vaccinated with SUISENG®, on a farm with a high prevalence of neonatal diarrhoea caused by E.coli/Clostridium . Materials and Methods: 49 clinically healthy, PRRSV-positive and ADV-negative gilts were selected on a farm with 800 sows, and divided into 4 groups, 2 vaccinated (V1 n=13; V2 n=12) and 2 not vaccinated (NV1 n=12;...
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Solutions to optimize production costs and improve performance will be presented on the first day of the event
Session coordinator, Bruno Silva, and president of IPVS2022, Fernanda...
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1. Introduction Classical swine fever (CSF), a list-A disease classified by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), is considered as a transboundary animal disease by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) [1]. The disease causes high morbidity and mortality in both feral and domestic pigs and can result in significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide [2]. Currently, it is present in many countries in Asia, the Caribbean islands,...
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Introduction - vaccines against parasites In modern swine medicine, vaccination against various pathogens is an integral part of the health management. However, currently not a single vaccine against parasites of swine is commercially available. Compared to viral and bacterial pathogens, there is a general scarcity for anti-parasite vaccines; only two anti-nematode vaccines, one antitick-vaccine and a handful of antiprotozoal vaccines are available for domestic animals....
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A presentation prepared for the 24th International Pig Veterinary Society Congress and 8th European Symposium of Porcine Health Management at the Royal Dublin Society (RDS) Dublin, Ireland 8th June 2016. Porcine reproductive and respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is the most economically significant infectious disease of swine worldwide. Due to the great impact of PRRS in many key swine producing areas of Asia, Europe and the Americas, the epidemiological situation created by...
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Introduction The present work addresses the use of data in improving decision making and farm productivity, one of the aspects that has generated more interest in swine production in recent years. In the current review, the limitations of data management and recently developed strategies in this sector have been revised, together with the need for new technologies and their use in the evolution of the precision livestock farming concept. The importance of traditional...
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Background Primiparous sows (PP) have higher nutrient requirements [1, 2] and fewer piglets born than multiparous sows (MP) [3]. Usually, PP sows are bred before they reach mature body size and when the back fat levels are still limited and often times below the recommendation of 18.0–23.0 mm at first insemination [4]. Part of the nutrient intake of a PP sow during the reproductive cycle is still used for their own tissue growth [5]. Piglet birth weight and growth...
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Introduction Porcine Cytomegalovirus (PCMV) belongs to the β-herpesvirinae family and, despite being species-specific, it shares homology with cytomegaloviruses of human and other animals [1]. PCMV infection is usually subclinical in older pigs, but similar to the human cytomegalovirus, it can cross the placenta and often produces mummification, abortion, low viability of piglets at birth and consequential pre-weaning mortality [2]. In susceptible herds, the virus...
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Introduction Ileitis (proliferative enteropathy of pigs), caused by the obligate intracellular parasite, the bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis, is the most common intestinal infection worldwide, affecting piglets in the rearing and fattening pigs. Arnold et al. (2018) detected a whole group of pathological changes in the small intestine. The disease occurs in four different forms, namely: regional ileitis, intestinal adenomatosis, hemorrhagic enteropathy, necrotic enteritis. It...
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Swine dysentery (SD) caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a highly contagious disease of grower and finisher pigs. SD causes severe mucohemorrhagic diarrhea, resulting in decreased feed efficiency and increased morbidity. Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is characterized by high mortality in poultry with bloody diarrhea, and sudden death. B. subtilis and B. licheniformis have been identified from the gastrointestinal tract of...
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Optimal tryptophan: lysine Ratio for 25-40 Kg Growing Pigs Fed Diets Containing 35 % Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles
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Background Staphylococcus aureus is an important cause of nosocomial and community-acquired human disease, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is associated with increased morbidity, mortality and costs [1]. During the last decade, particular clones of MRSA called livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA), due to their ability to colonize and persist in livestock, has emerged in most European countries [2]. The most widespread LA-MRSA in Europe and Northern America belongs to...
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Introduction Colibacillosis is generally defined the infection with Escherichia coli characterized by many clinical forms. E. coli is a gram negative peritrichously flagellated bacteria belonging to the family Enterobatteriaceae and is the causative agent of a wide range of diseases in pigs, including neonatal diarrhoea, post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD), oedema disease (ED), septicaemia, polyserositis, coliform mastitis (CM) and urinary tract infection (UTI) (Fairbrother and Gyles,...
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