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Amino acids in swine nutrition
Amino acids, normally supplied by dietary protein, are required for maintenance, muscle growth, development of fetuses and supporting tissues in gestating sows, and milk production in lactating sows. Of the 22 amino acids, 12 are synthesized by the animal; the other 10 must be provided in the diet for normal growth.
The amino acids that make up proteins are conventionally classified as essential or non-essential. Essential or indispensable amino acids are not synthesized by the pig and must be supplied in the diet, whereas non-essential or dispensable amino acids are synthesized by the pig using nitrogen provided by proteins in the diet. Some amino acids are conditionally essential, amino acids with greater demand than synthesis under some conditions, i.e. depending on stage of growth, productive function, or dietary composition.
The 10 essential amino acids for pigs are: lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, histidine and phenylalanine. Dietary supply of protein must be sufficient to provide all the essential amino acids and the nitrogen required for synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
The amino acids of greatest practical importance in diet formulation (ie, those most likely to be at deficient levels) are lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine. Corn, the basic grain in most swine diets, is markedly deficient in lysine and tryptophan. The other principal grains for pigs (grain sorghum, barley, and wheat) are low in lysine and threonine.
Basic Role of Feed Formulation Feed formulation is a process by which our knowledge of the nutrition of the animal can be translated into feeding programs which achieve our production objectives. These objectives typically include optimizing growth performance and producing a final carcass that can be converted into safe, healthy and appealing consumer meat products. This must be done in a profitable manner that concurrently contributes to environmental sustainability and animal...
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1. Introduction Extrusion has been widely used in feed processing for over 70 years [1]. It can change the physio-chemical properties of feed ingredients by applying constant moisture, pressure, and high temperature with the combination of shear force. Thus, extruded ingredients have greater nutrient utilization and reduced anti-nutritional factors [2]. Full-fat rice bran (FFRB), an important by-product of the rice milling industry, is commonly used as an alternative to...
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APIs MARKET
The price index of veterinary APIs monitored by China Veterinary Drugs and Feed Trading Centre for four weeks this month was 64.80-65.07-64.90-64.66, indicating that the market is generally stable. Products such as Doxycycline hydrochloride, neomycin sulfate, tilmicosin, enrofloxacin, and florfenicol, etc, have received more attention, while other categories and products have performed stably and are still at the bottom of the market.
A cliff-like...
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Evonik appoints Dr. Dirk Hoehler as head of the amino acids business of Animal Nutrition
- Hoehler has wealth of experience within the Evonik Group -Track record in Marketing & Sales including digitalization of business processes -Focus on...
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In the current study, β-glucan present in fermentation products from Ganoderma lucidum (GLF) was tested as a feed supplement to evaluate its efficacy on growth performance and immunocompetence in weanling piglets suffering from physiological stress during weaning. This article focuses on after challenging with porcine circovirus (PCV) type 2, a supplementation with 50 mg GLF per kg feed also inhibited PCV-2 virus amplification, Figure 1. Detection of PCV-2 nucleic acid in...
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APIs MARKET
In August, the veterinary API market remains weak, and the prices of most mainstream varieties continue to go down. Florfenicol, doxycycline, and amoxicillin have stagnant finishing. At the same time, erythromycin thiocyanate, as an intermediate raw material of azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and erythromycin stearate, has reached a historical high, and Tilmicosin price is going up against the trend. Is this the primary sign of rebound expected by the...
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The swine industry has largely gone to early weaning (3 weeks or earlier) especially in confinement production systems with environmentally controlled nurseries. Economic factors such as increasing the number of pig per sow per year and the need to maximize the capital cost of swine farrowing units by moving more sow through the facilities has...
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INTRODUCTION Highly digestible feed ingredients and feed additives are used to help young pigs transition from sow’s milk to solid diets (Skinner et al., 2014; Valini et al., 2021). Thus, the cost of swine diets is greatest during the nursery phase of production due to the complexity of ingredients, e.g., whey, blood plasma and industrial amino acids. As compensatory growth has been associated with increased feed efficiency, it is a mechanism that may help to increase...
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Effect of Supplemental Dl-met Above Requirement on Performance and Serum Concentration of Amino Acids in Heat Stressed Pigs
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Introduction: In a swine breeding, the piglets are those which require more nutritional care due to their physiologic immaturity and the enzymatic changes that take place in these first stages of life. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of the nutritional supplement VIUSID vet on the productive behavior of lactating sows and their piglets. Materials and Methods: For this work 54 Yorkshire lactating sows and 548 piglets were...
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Introduction: Weaning is an important period in the life of the pigs, because they require adapting quickly to the environmental and nutritional changes that exist in the pigpen. The objective of this assay was to assess the effect of three doses of the dietary supplement VIUSID vet, on the productive behavior of pigs after the weaning. Materials and Methods: For this work, four groups of 30 newly weaned pigs were used (females). The animals were weaned at...
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Introduction: The correct feeding of pigs in the fattening phase is a difficult challenge for any nutritionist. Due to the rapid advances in the use of new and diverse preservatives and ingredients, the existence of new ways of exploitation and technologies, as well as for the demands of a market increasingly informed and interested in consuming products of animal origin of good quality, at an accessible price. The objective of this assay was to assess the effect of the...
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APIs MARKET
The vet APIs market has been going down continuously this year, with a significant decline in some leading products (see the table below) due to the decreased demand.
The market stopped falling at the end of May, and it is stable overall, with prices running at the bottom. Although there are optimistic expectations for the future market, the...
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Introduction: The loss of backfat thickness in sows during lactation period is commonly observed in swine commercial herds under tropical climate. High backfat loss in lactating sows contribute to increase weaning-to-estrus interval. However, increasing the amount of feed during late gestation may cause high backfat thickness at farrowing, and lead to dystocia. Arginine is a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis, an important part for protein, fat and hormone synthesis. Arginine...
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1. Introduction Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) has become the accepted standard to measure amino acid (AA) digestibility (Stein et al., 2007a; Levesque et al., 2010). In nutrition, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) increases with dietary AA concentration while true ileal digestibility (TID) and SID are assumed to be independent of AA concentration (Stein et al., 2007a). The digestibility of SID AA in feed ingredients is important to the swine industry, and many...
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INTRODUCTION Threonine is an indispensable amino acid for pigs and is required for both maintenance and growth. It is the primary amino acid constituent of immunoglobulins and represents a significant portion of the proteins secreted by the small intestine (1). Threonine does not undergo transamination and there is no synthesis of threonine by the pigs. Consequently, all the threonine required by pig must be provide in the diet. Many experiments were performed in order to...
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Introduction Amino acids (AAs) are natural substances containing both amino and acid groups. Proline, which contains an imino group but not an amino group, is loosely considered as an AA in nutrition and metabolism. 1 Protein (the polymer of AAs) is the major component of growth in animals and has been a focus of nutritional research over the past century. 2 Proteinogenic (protein-creating) in animals are alanine, arginine, asparagine, asparate, cysteine,...
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Effect of Supplemental Dl-met Above Requirement on Performance and Serum Concentration of Amino Acids in Heat Stressed Pigs
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INTRODUCTION “Ideal protein” means that no amino acid (AA) is to be supplied in excess of requirements as compared to any other AA in pig diet: i.e., an exact balance of AA, without deficiency or excess. As a consequence, protein retention (protein gain in relation to protein intake) is maximized and nitrogen excretion is minimized. This is possible through an adequate combination of protein concentrates and synthetic AA supplements (Leclercq, 1998). The use of the ideal...
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Q: Can you tell us how you arrived at the proposed optimal ratios and amounts of true digestible AAs in diets that you have developed in your research? A: Results of studies by my group have established the concept that animals have dietary requirements for not only...
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Transformation of amino acids and specialties operating models to adapt to market dynamics
Investment in global hubs to improve supply security, cost position and sustainability profile
Annual cost savings of €200 million from 2025 onwards
Evonik is transforming the operating model of its Animal Nutrition business to further increase its customer focus, ensure competitiveness and enable further profitable growth. Moving forward, the amino acids...
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In times of high feed costs the improvement of the creatine status of fattening pigs permits a reduction in dietary energy. Guanidino-acetic acid supplemented to pig feed optimises the creatine status of the cells and enhances cellular energy efficiency. Creatine plays a central role in the cellular...
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