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Amino acids in swine nutrition
Amino acids, normally supplied by dietary protein, are required for maintenance, muscle growth, development of fetuses and supporting tissues in gestating sows, and milk production in lactating sows. Of the 22 amino acids, 12 are synthesized by the animal; the other 10 must be provided in the diet for normal growth.
The amino acids that make up proteins are conventionally classified as essential or non-essential. Essential or indispensable amino acids are not synthesized by the pig and must be supplied in the diet, whereas non-essential or dispensable amino acids are synthesized by the pig using nitrogen provided by proteins in the diet. Some amino acids are conditionally essential, amino acids with greater demand than synthesis under some conditions, i.e. depending on stage of growth, productive function, or dietary composition.
The 10 essential amino acids for pigs are: lysine, methionine, tryptophan, threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, arginine, histidine and phenylalanine. Dietary supply of protein must be sufficient to provide all the essential amino acids and the nitrogen required for synthesis of non-essential amino acids.
The amino acids of greatest practical importance in diet formulation (ie, those most likely to be at deficient levels) are lysine, tryptophan, threonine, and methionine. Corn, the basic grain in most swine diets, is markedly deficient in lysine and tryptophan. The other principal grains for pigs (grain sorghum, barley, and wheat) are low in lysine and threonine.
APIs MARKET
In August, the veterinary API market remains weak, and the prices of most mainstream varieties continue to go down. Florfenicol, doxycycline, and amoxicillin have stagnant finishing. At the same time, erythromycin thiocyanate, as an intermediate raw material of azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, and erythromycin stearate, has reached a historical high, and Tilmicosin price is going up against the trend. Is this the primary sign of rebound expected by the...
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The swine industry has largely gone to early weaning (3 weeks or earlier) especially in confinement production systems with environmentally controlled nurseries. Economic factors such as increasing the number of pig per sow per year and the need to maximize the capital cost of swine farrowing units by moving more sow through the facilities has...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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INTRODUCTION Highly digestible feed ingredients and feed additives are used to help young pigs transition from sow’s milk to solid diets (Skinner et al., 2014; Valini et al., 2021). Thus, the cost of swine diets is greatest during the nursery phase of production due to the complexity of ingredients, e.g., whey, blood plasma and industrial amino acids. As compensatory growth has been associated with increased feed efficiency, it is a mechanism that may help to increase...
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Introduction: In a swine breeding, the piglets are those which require more nutritional care due to their physiologic immaturity and the enzymatic changes that take place in these first stages of life. The objective of this experiment was to assess the effect of the nutritional supplement VIUSID vet on the productive behavior of lactating sows and their piglets. Materials and Methods: For this work 54 Yorkshire lactating sows and 548 piglets were...
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Introduction: Weaning is an important period in the life of the pigs, because they require adapting quickly to the environmental and nutritional changes that exist in the pigpen. The objective of this assay was to assess the effect of three doses of the dietary supplement VIUSID vet, on the productive behavior of pigs after the weaning. Materials and Methods: For this work, four groups of 30 newly weaned pigs were used (females). The animals were weaned at...
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Introduction: The correct feeding of pigs in the fattening phase is a difficult challenge for any nutritionist. Due to the rapid advances in the use of new and diverse preservatives and ingredients, the existence of new ways of exploitation and technologies, as well as for the demands of a market increasingly informed and interested in consuming products of animal origin of good quality, at an accessible price. The objective of this assay was to assess the effect of the...
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APIs MARKET
The vet APIs market has been going down continuously this year, with a significant decline in some leading products (see the table below) due to the decreased demand.
The market stopped falling at the end of May, and it is stable overall, with prices running at the bottom. Although there are optimistic expectations for the future market, the...
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Introduction: The loss of backfat thickness in sows during lactation period is commonly observed in swine commercial herds under tropical climate. High backfat loss in lactating sows contribute to increase weaning-to-estrus interval. However, increasing the amount of feed during late gestation may cause high backfat thickness at farrowing, and lead to dystocia. Arginine is a precursor for nitric oxide synthesis, an important part for protein, fat and hormone synthesis. Arginine...
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1. Introduction Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) has become the accepted standard to measure amino acid (AA) digestibility (Stein et al., 2007a; Levesque et al., 2010). In nutrition, apparent ileal digestibility (AID) increases with dietary AA concentration while true ileal digestibility (TID) and SID are assumed to be independent of AA concentration (Stein et al., 2007a). The digestibility of SID AA in feed ingredients is important to the swine industry, and many...
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INTRODUCTION Threonine is an indispensable amino acid for pigs and is required for both maintenance and growth. It is the primary amino acid constituent of immunoglobulins and represents a significant portion of the proteins secreted by the small intestine (1). Threonine does not undergo transamination and there is no synthesis of threonine by the pigs. Consequently, all the threonine required by pig must be provide in the diet. Many experiments were performed in order to...
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Introduction Amino acids (AAs) are natural substances containing both amino and acid groups. Proline, which contains an imino group but not an amino group, is loosely considered as an AA in nutrition and metabolism. 1 Protein (the polymer of AAs) is the major component of growth in animals and has been a focus of nutritional research over the past century. 2 Proteinogenic (protein-creating) in animals are alanine, arginine, asparagine, asparate, cysteine,...
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INTRODUCTION “Ideal protein” means that no amino acid (AA) is to be supplied in excess of requirements as compared to any other AA in pig diet: i.e., an exact balance of AA, without deficiency or excess. As a consequence, protein retention (protein gain in relation to protein intake) is maximized and nitrogen excretion is minimized. This is possible through an adequate combination of protein concentrates and synthetic AA supplements (Leclercq, 1998). The use of the ideal...
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Yeast probiotic solution in hyper prolific sows to improve weaning piglet weight & reduce mortality in lactation
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Q: Can you tell us how you arrived at the proposed optimal ratios and amounts of true digestible AAs in diets that you have developed in your research? A: Results of studies by my group have established the concept that animals have dietary requirements for not only...
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Transformation of amino acids and specialties operating models to adapt to market dynamics
Investment in global hubs to improve supply security, cost position and sustainability profile
Annual cost savings of €200 million from 2025 onwards
Evonik is transforming the operating model of its Animal Nutrition business to further increase its customer focus, ensure competitiveness and enable further profitable growth. Moving forward, the amino acids...
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In times of high feed costs the improvement of the creatine status of fattening pigs permits a reduction in dietary energy. Guanidino-acetic acid supplemented to pig feed optimises the creatine status of the cells and enhances cellular energy efficiency. Creatine plays a central role in the cellular...
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An additional 40,000 metric tons of MetAMINO® per year from Singapore
Consistent implementation of methionine asset strategy, safeguarding long-term global supply security
Reducing carbon footprint from Evonik’s DL-methionine production in Singapore
9 March,...
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Introduction In Canada, barley is rarely fed to young pigs due to its relatively high fibre content that is associated with lower energy and nutrient digestibility (Che et al., 2012). Carbohydrates that are not digested in the small intestine may be fermented in the large intestine, and so provide energy and stimulate gut health (Fouhse et al., 2017). Barley cultivars with increased fermentable carbohydrates may enhance gut health in weaned pigs (Jha et al., 2019). Intestinal...
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Introduction Pigs suffer high rates of embryonic mortality, especially during the peri-implantation period of pregnancy [1, 2] when embryos elongate rapidly, signal for pregnancy recognition, and attach to the uterine wall [3, 4]. Maternal nutrition plays an important role in the development and subsequent survival of conceptuses (embryo/fetus and its extra-embryonic membranes), especially the maternal dietary intake of amino acids (AAs) [5–7]. Both low and high...
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Investment will safeguard long-term supply of MMP to European methionine production hub
Improvements made possible by production process innovations
Increase in efficiency and safety at the site
Essen, Germany. Evonik has invested €25 million developing and expanding its methylmercapto-propionaldehyde (MMP) production plant in Wesseling, Germany, in the latest move to strengthen its world-scale global methionine production...
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